ABSTRACT
Diabetic gastroparesis (DG) is one of the many complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Even though this condition surfaces years after uncontrolled disease, it affects the quality of life in several ways and causes significant morbidity. Common symptoms experienced by the patients include postprandial nausea, vomiting, abdominal fullness, and pain. Strict glycemic control is essential to evade the effects of DG. The purpose of this review article is to briefly study the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic modalities, and the effects of DG on different aspects of life. Furthermore, it also focuses on the emerging treatment modalities for DG. Tradipitant and relamorelin are two such treatment options that are gaining noteworthy recognition and are discussed in detail in this review article. As observed through various clinical trials, these drugs help alleviate symptoms like nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and bloating in patients suffering from DG, thereby targeting the most common and bothersome symptoms of the disease. This leads to an improvement in the quality of life, making it a reliable treatment option for this disease. But while pharmacological intervention is vital, psychological support and lifestyle changes are equally important and are the reason why a multidisciplinary approach is required for the treatment of DG.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Oral hygiene is the most essential factor in the prevention and therapy of many diseases, especially the periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral hygiene-related knowledge, self-efficacy, and motivation of the young adults of rural-based Tamilian population, with their current oral hygiene practices to assess the effect of patient motivation after initial periodontal therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hundred patients filled out questionnaires based on their oral hygiene-related knowledge. Plaque index, gingival index, and gingival bleeding index were recorded and correlated with their questionnaire knowledge. Initial periodontal therapy and motivation were done to all patients. After 6 months, oral health status was evaluated again. RESULTS: There was a lower correlation value with insignificant P value between the questionnaire score and plaque and gingival index score, (r = 0.125, 0.166). However, the correlation between questionnaire score and modified papilla bleeding index score was high (r = 0.254) with significant (P = 0.011). After 6 months following the initial periodontal treatment, significant decrease in all the three indices scores was noted with significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Oral hygiene-related motivational approaches targeting rural young adult population has the potential to predict oral hygiene behavior and influences the clinical outcomes.
ABSTRACT
Hydatid disease is a common but little studied disease in Himachal Pradesh, India. This is a retrospective study from the Lady Willingdon Hospital, Manali. 115 patients presenting from April 1996 to March 2007 were included. Outcome measures were mortality and morbidity. 70 patients were female and 46 were male. (One female patient was operated on twice). 78% (n = 90) of the occurrences were hepatic. There were other varied sites. There were fourteen pulmonary hydatids. All patients underwent surgical cystectomy. An "AIR Technique" (Aspiration, Injection, Reaspiration) is described for scolicidal deactivation after March 2003 utilized in thirty two patients. There was no mortality. There were five documented recurrences in our series all of which occurred in cystectomy done without the AIR (Aspiration, Injection, Reaspiration) technique. Hydatid disease is a common disease in Himachal Pradesh warranting a high index of suspicion leading to an early diagnosis. A simple technique called the "AIR TECHNIQUE" (Aspiration, Injection, Reaspiration) is described.
