ABSTRACT
The End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) represents a significant medical and economic problem. The success of longterm outcome of ESRD is dependent on the adequate nephrological care. The treatment of choice represents a kidney transplantation from a living donor or in those who haven't got such possibility, a deceased donor kidney transplantation. Recently, number of living donor kidney transplants has been increasing during last years in Europe and USA, mainly because of large awareness campaign and by using incompatible pairs. There were 361 (34.3 pmp) deceased donor and 71 (6.7 pmp) living donor kidney transplants performed while 4,050 patients benefit the life with functioning kidney graft in the Czech Republic in 2012. Hemodialysis therapy had undergone 5,772 (550 pmp) while peritoneal dialysis 489 (47 pmp) patients on December 31st, 2012.
