ABSTRACT
In this work, the biocompatibility and antibacterial activities of novel SnO2 nanowire coatings prepared by electron-beam (E-Beam) evaporation process at low temperatures were studied. The nanowire coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The results of in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation assays suggested that the SnO2 nanowire coatings were nontoxic and promoted the proliferation of C2C12 and L929 cells (> 90% viability). Cellular activities, cell adhesion, and lactate dehydrogenase activities were consistent with the superior biocompatibility of the nanowire materials. Notably, the nanowire coating showed potent antibacterial activity against six different bacterial strains. The antibacterial activity of the SnO2 material was attributed to the photocatalytic nature of SnO2. The antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of the newly developed SnO2 nanowire coatings may enable their use as coating materials for biomedical implants.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis , Biocompatible Materials/chemical synthesis , Nanotechnology/methods , Nanowires/chemistry , Tin Compounds/chemistry , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Biocompatible Materials/chemistry , Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Lasers , Materials Testing , Mice , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Surface Properties , Tin Compounds/chemical synthesis , Tin Compounds/pharmacology , Titanium/chemistry , Volatilization , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone derivative used for treating urinary tract, respiratory and skin infections in animals. However, low solubility and low bioavailability prevented it from using on humans. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is an inert, non toxic polymer with excellent hydrophilic properties, besides it can enhance bioavailability by forming drug polymer conjugates. With the aim of increasing solubility and bioavailability, enrofloxacin thin films were prepared using PVP as a polymer matrix. The obtained oral thin films exhibited excellent uniformity and mechanical properties. Swelling properties of the oral thin films revealed that the water uptake was enhanced by 21%. The surface pH has been found to be 6.8±0.1 indicating that these films will not cause any irritation to oral mucosa. FTIR data of the oral thin films indicated physical interaction between drug and polymer. SEM analysis revealed uniform distribution of drug in polymer matrix. In vitro drug release profiles showed enhanced release profiles (which are also pH dependant) for thin films compared to pure drug. Antibacterial activity was found to be dose dependent and maximum susceptibility was found on Klebsiella pneumonia making this preparation more suitable for respiratory infections.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Fluoroquinolones/administration & dosage , Povidone/chemistry , Administration, Oral , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Liberation , Enrofloxacin , Fluoroquinolones/chemistry , Fluoroquinolones/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Negative Bacteria/growth & development , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/growth & development , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Solubility , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
The ethanolic extracts of the dry fruits of Caesalpinia pulcherrima, aerial parts of Euphorbia hirta and flowers of Asystasia gangeticum were tested for antimicrobial activity. The three plants exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, particularly against Escherichia coli (enteropathogen), Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
Subject(s)
Acanthaceae/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis , Antifungal Agents/analysis , Caesalpinia/chemistry , Euphorbia/chemistry , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
The ethanolic extracts of the leaves and flowers of Cleome viscosa and roots of Gmelina asiatica were tested for antimicrobial activity. The two plants exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, particularly significative against Escherichia coli , Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The leaf extract of C. viscosa showed moderate activity against pathogenic fungi.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Cleome/chemistry , Lamiaceae/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Aspergillus niger/drug effects , Bacillus subtilis/drug effects , Candida albicans/drug effects , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Flowers/chemistry , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Roots/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Proteus vulgaris/drug effects , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Rhizopus/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effectsABSTRACT
The liquid membrane phenomenon in the actions of digitalis glycosides (digitoxin, digoxin and ouabain) has been studied. Formation of liquid membranes, in series with a supporting membrane, by digitalis alone and by digitalis in association with lecithin and cholesterol has been demonstrated. The results obtained on the transport of relevant permeants, viz. sodium, potassium and calcium ions and dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and serotonin, in the presence of the liquid membrane generated by digitalis in association with lecithin and cholesterol indicate that the liquid membrane barrier to transport may have a relevance with the biological actions of digitalis.
Subject(s)
Digitoxin/chemistry , Digoxin/chemistry , Ouabain/chemistry , Cholesterol/chemistry , Digitoxin/pharmacology , Digoxin/pharmacology , Membranes/metabolism , Micelles , Ouabain/pharmacology , Permeability , Phosphatidylcholines/chemistry , Potassium/metabolism , Sodium/metabolism , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
Modifications in the transport of relevant permeants to their respective sites of action due to the liquid membranes formed by prostaglandins in association with lecithin and cholesterol have been discussed in the light of biological actions of prostaglandins. It has been shown that the phenomenon of liquid membrane formation is likely to make a significant contribution to the biological actions.
Subject(s)
Alprostadil/physiology , Dinoprost/physiology , Membrane Fluidity/physiology , Membranes, Artificial , PermeabilityABSTRACT
The liquid membrane phenomenon in benzodiazepines has been studied. Transport of glycine, GA-BA, noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin in the presence of the liquid membranes generated by the benzodiazepines in association with lecithin and cholesterol has been studied. The data indicate that modification in permeabilities in the presence of the liquid membranes is likely to make a significant contribution to several biological actions of the benzodiazepines.
