Phytochemical Evaluation and Antioxidant Potential of Polyherbal Extract Mixture-an In Vitro and In Silico Study.

Standardisation of polyherbal formulations plays a key role in estimating the quality and safety of drugs. In this study, a novel polyherbal formulation was prepared for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy and it was attempted to evaluate for its safety and efficacy against free radicals. To ascertain the safety of the formulation, individual herbs and polyherbal formulation have been screened for microbial load, heavy metals, pesticide residues and aflatoxins according to Ayush guidelines. Phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard procedures and GCMS analysis to identify the bioactive compounds. Antioxidant methods such as DPPH, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging assays were undertaken. To predict the mechanism behind the antioxidant efficacy, a molecular docking analysis was performed against Keap1/Nrf2 (PDB ID: 2FLU) protein using AutoDock Vina software. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavones, glycosides, polyphenols, phytosterols and saponins. The results of in vitro antioxidant studies showed increase in percentage inhibition with increase in concentration and found no significant difference compare with standards. Among the 15 bioactive compounds identified from GCMS analysis, guanosine showed high binding affinity with Keap1/Nrf2 and interacting with similar residues as that of standard ascorbic acid which is analysed through molecular docking. Based on the results, it has been concluded that the safety parameters of polyherbal formulation were found within specified limits of Ayush guidelines and its efficacy against oxidative stress plays an effective role to treat diabetic nephropathy due to its synergistic antioxidant effect.

Glutathione-redox status on hydro alcoholic root bark extract of Premna integrifolia Linn in high fat diet induced atherosclerosis model.

BACKGROUND: Premna integrifolia Linn. is a medicinal plant of an Ayurvedic importance and proved to have an anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial and hypo-lipidemic activity. Glutathione (GSH) redox status is an important parameter to assess the antioxidant activity of any neutraceuticals. OBJECTIVE: In order to assess the anti-oxidant potential of hydro alcoholic extract (HAE) of P. integrifolia, this study was aimed to evaluate the GSH redox status in high fat diet induced experimental atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study comprises sixty Wistar rats and they were divided into six groups: the first group served as control, the second group was fed with high fat diet and the third, fourth and fifth groups were fed with high fat diet along with various concentrations of HAE of 200, 400 and 500 g/kg.b.wt respectively and the sixth group was administered high fat diet along with 10 mg/kg b.wt of atorvastatin for 30 days. GSH-dependent enzymes like GSH-peroxidase (GPx), GSH-reductase (GR) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were estimated in hemolysate, kidney, heart and liver of experimental rats. RESULTS: Analysis of GSH levels showed a significant decrease in hemolysate, heart and kidney (p < 0.05) and liver (p < 0.01) in high fat-fed rats when compared to control. Activities of GPx, GR and G6PD in hemolysate and heart (p < 0.001), liver and kidney (p < 0.05) in high fat-fed rats when compared to control. Dose-dependent increase was observed in rats treated with various concentrations of HAE. CONCLUSION: The HAE of root bark of P. integrifolia is proved to have a protective role on antioxidant defense in high fat diet induced atherosclerosis model. As a whole P. integrifolia increases the GSH content in a dose-dependent manner and in turn altered the redox cycle.

Anti-atherosclerotic activity of root bark of Premna integrifolia Linn. in high fat diet induced atherosclerosis model rats.

Premna integrifolia Linn. is a medicinal plant used in "Dhasamula" drug preparation of Ayurvedic systems of medicine in the treatment of various ailments like bronchitis, dyspepsia, liver disorders, piles, constipation, hyperlipidemia and fever. The anti-atherosclerotic activity of hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) of root bark of P. integrifolia was evaluated in high fat diet induced atherosclerosis rats. Sixty Wistar rats were divided into six groups: the first group served as control, the second group was fed with high fat diet and the other three groups were fed with high fat diet along with various concentrations of HAE and the last group was treated with atorvastatin for 30 days. Lipid and lipoprotein profile, atherogenic index, and cardiac markers and histopathological evaluation of aorta were determined in high fat diet induced atherosclerosis rats. HAE of P. integrifolia produced a significant and dose-dependent anti-atherosclerotic activity in terms of reduction in lipids and lipoprotein profile, atherogenic index, HMG-CoA reductase activity, marker enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alteration in collagen and calcium contents, mild mineralization and focal rupture of intima and media of aorta was noticed in treated groups as compared to the control. The results suggested that anti-atherosclerotic activity of HAE of P. integrifolia Linn. was due to its modulatory activity on metabolic pathway of lipid. The results contribute to the validation of the traditional use of Agnimantha in high fat diet induced atherosclerosis rats.

Anti-atherosclerotic activity of root bark of Premna integrifolia Linn. in high fat diet induced atherosclerosis model rats / 药物分析学报

Premna integrifolia Linn. is a medicinal plant used inDhasamuladrug preparation of Ayurvedic systems of medicine in the treatment of various ailments like bronchitis, dyspepsia, liver disorders, piles, constipation, hyperlipidemia and fever. The anti-atherosclerotic activity of hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) of root bark of P. integrifolia was evaluated in high fat diet induced atherosclerosis rats. Sixty Wistar rats were divided into six groups:the first group served as control, the second group was fed with high fat diet and the other three groups were fed with high fat diet along with various concentrations of HAE and the last group was treated with atorvastatin for 30 days. Lipid and lipoprotein profile, atherogenic index, and cardiac markers and histopathological evaluation of aorta were determined in high fat diet induced atherosclerosis rats. HAE of P. integrifolia produced a significant and dose-dependent anti-atherosclerotic activity in terms of reduction in lipids and lipoprotein profile, atherogenic index, HMG-CoA reductase activity, marker enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alteration in collagen and calcium contents, mild mineralization and focal rupture of intima and media of aorta was noticed in treated groups as compared to the control. The results suggested that anti-atherosclerotic activity of HAE of P. integrifolia Linn. was due to its modulatory activity on metabolic pathway of lipid. The results contribute to the validation of the traditional use of Agnimantha in high fat diet induced atherosclerosis rats.