Validation of Bifurcohaptor spp. (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) reported from India using molecular methods with inclusion of insilico study: A brief report on its host-specificity.

A total of 17 species of the genus Bifurcohaptor Jain, 1958 have been reported from two fish families namely Bagridae Bleeker, 1858 (Mystus vittatus (Bloch, 1794), M. tengara (Hamilton, 1822), M. keletius (Valenciennes, 1840), Hemibagrus nemurus (Valenciennes, 1840), Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822) and Sperata seenghala (Sykes, 1839)) and Sisoridae Bleeker, 1858 (Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton, 1822)). Out of these, only two species viz. B. indicus and B. giganticus are found valid in India, parasitizing gills of Mystus spp. and Bagarius sp. Taxonomic studies suggest, present specimen of B. indicus and B. giganticus, both are morphologically close to species described by Jain (1958), except morphometric variations and posses 7 pairs of marginal hooks instead of 6 pairs. Present manuscript delves with the characterization of B. indicus and B. giganticus reported from India, using molecular techniques. Partial mt COI nucleotide sequence based insilico protein analysis and partial 28S and ITS-1 rDNA based phylogenetic analysis, estimated by Neighbour-joining (NJ) and Minimum Evolution (ME) methods revealed that the species of the genus Bifurcohaptor are genetically distinct and valid. The grouping of Bifurcohaptor spp. with other representatives of family Dactylogyridae supports morphology based placement into family Dactylogyridae. Present and previous host-parasite information suggests both Bifurcohaptor spp. are species specialist however, the genus Bifurcohaptor is generalist at generic level.

Validation of Bifurcohaptor spp. (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) reported from India using molecular methods with inclusion of insilico study: A brief report on its host-specificity

@#A total of 17 species of the genus Bifurcohaptor Jain, 1958 have been reported from two fish families namely Bagridae Bleeker, 1858 (Mystus vittatus (Bloch, 1794), M. tengara (Hamilton, 1822), M. keletius (Valenciennes, 1840), Hemibagrus nemurus (Valenciennes, 1840), Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822) and Sperata seenghala (Sykes, 1839)) and Sisoridae Bleeker, 1858 (Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton, 1822)). Out of these, only two species viz. B. indicus and B. giganticus are found valid in India, parasitizing gills of Mystus spp. and Bagarius sp. Taxonomic studies suggest, present specimen of B. indicus and B. giganticus, both are morphologically close to species described by Jain (1958), except morphometric variations and posses 7 pairs of marginal hooks instead of 6 pairs. Present manuscript delves with the characterization of B. indicus and B. giganticus reported from India, using molecular techniques. Partial mt COI nucleotide sequence based insilico protein analysis and partial 28S and ITS-1 rDNA based phylogenetic analysis, estimated by Neighbour-joining (NJ) and Minimum Evolution (ME) methods revealed that the species of the genus Bifurcohaptor are genetically distinct and valid. The grouping of Bifurcohaptor spp. with other representatives of family Dactylogyridae supports morphology based placement into family Dactylogyridae. Present and previous host-parasite information suggests both Bifurcohaptor spp. are species specialist however, the genus Bifurcohaptor is generalist at generic level.

Intraguild interactions between five congeneric species of Thaparocleidus (Monogenoidea) from the freshwater shark Wallago attu, Lucknow, India.

The fish host (Wallago attu) and monogenoid parasite (Thaparocleidus sp.) have been recorded during 2 years (2011 and 2012) to investigate intra/interspecific interactions among query species (T. sudhakari (Gusev, 1976) Lim, 1996; T. indicus (Kulkarni, 1969) Lim, 1996; T. gomtius (Jain, 1952) Lim, 1996; T. yogendraii Agrawal, 1981 and T. wallagonius Jain, 1952) in the light of parasitic worm burden, morphological and molecular data. Each species is highly host specific (oioxenous), with a specialized functional niche. Being niche specialists, they exhibit niche overlapping along with co-existence due to reproductive barrier. Furthermore, a molecular marker, affirming clear-cut genetic variation in spite of structural entities, provides evidence for infra-speciation as well as co-speciation.

Effect of Stiffness on Reflection and Transmission of Waves at an Interface between Heat Conducting Elastic Solid and Micropolar Fluid Media.

The present investigation is concerned with the propagation of waves at an imperfect boundary of heat conducting elastic solid and micropolar fluid media. The amplitude ratios of various reflected and transmitted waves are obtained in a closed form due to incidence of longitudinal wave (P-wave), thermal wave (T-wave), and transverse wave (SV-wave). The variation of various amplitude ratios with angle of incidence is obtained for normal force stiffness, transverse force stiffness, thermal contact conductance, and perfect bonding. Numerical results are shown graphically to depict the effect of stiffness and thermal relaxation times on resulting quantities. Some particular cases are also deduced in the present investigation.

Variable effect on peripheral blood leucocytes during JE virus infection of man.

The peripheral blood leucocytes of twenty-four cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) were studied and the findings were compared with those in twenty-five normal health controls of matching age and sex. In the early phases of the disease marked neutrophil leucocytosis was seen which returned to almost normal levels by the fourth week. Lymphopenia was associated with diminished T lymphocytes but the number of B lymphocytes remained within the normal range. Though the number of T lymphocytes was reduced, their function of leucocyte migration inhibition in the presence of JE virus antigen was significantly higher. The phagocytic activity of the neutrophils, as shown by the uptake of neutral red dye, was diminished but the phagocytic activity of monocytes as shown by the uptake of neutral red dye, was diminished but the phagocytic activity of monocytes as shown by the uptake of neutral red dye or ingestion of latex particles remained unaffected. HI antibodies against JE virus were significantly higher in cases of encephalitis as compared with the control group. Thus, JE virus infection in man has a variable effect on different components of the peripheral blood leucocytes.