[The results of an open comparative retrospective trial of the course of multiple sclerosis during treatment with infibeta and other interferon-beta bioanalogues and glatiramer acetate]. / Rezul'taty otkrytogo sravnitel'nogo retrospektivnogo issledovaniia osobennostei rasseiannogo skleroza na fone terapii preparatom infibeta i drugimi bioanalogami interferonov beta i glatiramera atsetatom.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the interferon beta-1b bioanalogue 'infibeta' in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) in comparison with other interferon beta bioanalogues and the generic drug glatiramer acetate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data of 500 patients with MS treated with different disease-modifying drugs were analyzed. Patients of group 1 (n=95) received infibeta; group 2 (n=108) interferon beta-1b; group 3 (n=83) genfaxon-44; group 4 (n=109) sinnovex; group 5 (n=105) aksoglatiran FS. RESULTS: In all groups, there was a significant decrease in the AARR and an increase in the EDSS score (p<0,05) after 12 and 24 months of treatment (p<0,05) with the best indicators in groups 1-3. After 12 months of treatment, the number of patients without signs of MRI activity was higher in groups 1-3 (48-61%) than in groups 4 and 5 (47, 43%, respectively) (p>0,05). After 24 months of treatment, the number of patients without signs of MRI activity decreased to 41-46% in groups 1-3, and more significantly in group 4 (27%). The percentage of NEDA-3 achieving patients did not significantly differ in the groups (23-32%) after 12 months of treatment. After 24 months of treatment the NEDA-3 declined more in group 4 (19%), least of all in groups 1 and 2 (27, 25%, respectively) (p>0,05). In most cases, the observed adverse events were mild or moderate. Flu-like syndrome was observed rarely in groups 1 and 4 (p<0,05). Injection reactions were observed most commonly in groups 3 and 5 (p<0,05). CONCLUSION: Infibeta, while retaining all the advantages of high-dose interferon beta, has the best tolerability profile, which makes it one of the optimal first line disease-modifying therapy for treatment of patients with MS.

A new optical detection method to assess the erosion inhibition by in vitro salivary pellicle layer.

OBJECTIVES: Application of the recently developed optical method based on the monitoring of the specular reflection intensity to study the protective potential of the salivary pellicle layer against early enamel erosion. METHODS: The erosion progression was compared between two treatment groups: enamel samples coated by the 15 h-in vitro-formed salivary pellicle layer (group P, n=90) and the non-coated enamel surfaces (control group C, n=90). Different severity of the erosive impact was modelled by the enamel incubation in 1% citric acid (pH=3.6) for 2, 4, 8, 10 or 15 min. Erosion quantification was performed by the optical method as well as by the microhardness and calcium release analyses. RESULTS: Optical assessment of the erosion progression showed erosion inhibition by the in vitro salivary pellicle in short term acidic treatments (≤ 4 min) which was also confirmed by microhardness measurements proving significantly less (p<0.05) enamel softening in the group P at 2 and 4 min of erosion compared to the group C. SEM images demonstrated less etched enamel interfaces in the group P at short erosion durations as well. CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring of the specular reflection intensity can be successfully applied to quantify early erosion progression in comparative studies. In vitro salivary pellicle (2h) provides erosion inhibition but only in short term acidic exposures. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The proposed optical technique is a promising tool for the fast and non-invasive erosion quantification in clinical studies.

Dental erosion--an overview with emphasis on chemical and histopathological aspects.

The quality of dental care and modern achievements in dental science depend strongly on understanding the properties of teeth and the basic principles and mechanisms involved in their interaction with surrounding media. Erosion is a disorder to which such properties as structural features of tooth, physiological properties of saliva, and extrinsic and intrinsic acidic sources and habits contribute, and all must be carefully considered. The degree of saturation in the surrounding solution, which is determined by pH and calcium and phosphate concentrations, is the driving force for dissolution of dental hard tissue. In relation to caries, with the calcium and phosphate concentrations in plaque fluid, the 'critical pH' below which enamel dissolves is about 5.5. For erosion, the critical pH is lower in products (e.g. yoghurt) containing more calcium and phosphate than plaque fluid and higher when the concentrations are lower. Dental erosion starts by initial softening of the enamel surface followed by loss of volume with a softened layer persisting at the surface of the remaining tissue. Dentine erosion is not clearly understood, so further in vivo studies, including histopathological aspects, are needed. Clinical reports show that exposure to acids combined with an insufficient salivary flow rate results in enhanced dissolution. The effects of these and other interactions result in a permanent ion/substance exchange and reorganisation within the tooth material or at its interface, thus altering its strength and structure. The rate and severity of erosion are determined by the susceptibility of the dental tissues towards dissolution. Because enamel contains less soluble mineral than dentine, it tends to erode more slowly. The chemical mechanisms of erosion are also summarised in this review. Special attention is given to the microscopic and macroscopic histopathology of erosion.

[Estimation of efficiency of seed irradiation by thermal neutrons for inducing chromosomal aberration in M2 of cotton Gossipium hirsutum L].

Cytogenetic analysis of M2 plants after irradiation of cotton by thermal neutrons was performed in 56 families. In 40 plants of 27 M2 families, different abnormalities of chromosome pairing were found. These abnormalities were caused by primary monosomy, chromosomal interchange, and desynapsis. The presence of chromosome aberrations in some cases decreased meiotic index and pollen fertility. Comparison of the results of cytogenetics analysis, performed in M1 and M2 after irradiation, showed a nearly two-fold decrease in the number of plants with chromosomal aberrations in M2, as well as narrowing of the spectrum of these aberrations. The latter result is explained by the fact that some mutations are impossible to detect in subsequent generations because of complete or partial sterility of aberrant M1 plants. It was established that the most efficient radiation doses for inducing chromosomal aberrations in the present study were 15 and 25 Gy, since they affected survival and fertility of altered plant to a lesser extent.

[Estimation of the efficiency of seed irradiation by thermal neutrons for inducing chromosomal aberrations in M1 of cotton Gossypium hirsutum l].

Exposure of cotton seeds to thermal neutrons at doses of 15, 25, and 35 Gy was shown to induce many altered plants, including sterile and chimeric ones. Most of these phenotypic changes were shown to result from novel genomic, chromosomal, and desynaptic mutations. The presence of these mutations in the karyotype of M, plants often decreased meiotic index and pollen fertility. In translocation forms, the decrease in pollen fertility was caused by the prevalence of quadrivalents in form of rings and chains with adjacent segregation of chromosomes from the translocation complexes. Based on the shapes and sizes of multivalent associations, we performed preliminary localization of translocation breakpoints. A specific feature of the effect of thermal neuron irradiation in M1 was induction of numerous unique chromosomal aberrations, consisting in the appearance in the same plant of several types of mutations (genomic and chromosomal), exchange complexes in the same nucleus, and multiple exchanges involving three nonhomologous chromosomes.