[Body composition and energy metabolism at rest].

Indicators of body composition determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (total body water, extracellular water mass, intracellular water mass, skeletal muscle mass, soft lean mass, protein, mineral mass, fat mass) were compared with the resting metabolic rate values (RMR). Studies were conducted in adults of different occupations, gender, age, weight and height. In total, the survey involved 180 people, residents of Nizhny Novgorod (70 men and 110 women) aged 17 to 63 years. It was shown that the normalization of the RMR with the parameters of the bioelectrical impedance analysis reduced the scatter of individual values. Comparison of the normalization results allowed us to estimate the interconnection between the RMR and the body composition. It was obtained statistical formulas for the relation of the RMR with the bioelectrical impedance. The greatest effect was found with the normalization of lean mass, as well as intracellular and extracellular water masses. The smallest effect was detected with the normalization of body fat. We obtained statistical formulas for the relation of the RMR with the bioelectrical impedance parameters. The highest correlations were found between the RMR and the lean mass, muscle mass and total water mass, the lowest with the fat mass. Role of the metabolically active tissue in energy metabolism, including the role of the intracellular and extracellular water is discussed. The results confirm the importance of the metabolically active tissues in the formation of the value of the RMR. Identified dependencies and high correlation between the RMR and the bioelectrical impedance parameters allows us to use these as a fast and convenient method for the approximate estimation of the RMR.

[Energy expenditure and food energy intake in different professional groups of N. Novgorod].

In this paper we have studied the energy expenditure and food energy consumption of different professional groups of the adult population of the city N. Novgorod. Assessment of daily energy expenditure was performed using the coefficients of physical activity (CPA) in the working period, the free time and the total daily average activity. It is shown that the rest time averaged 40-50%, while physical activity time 60-50%, respectively. The ratio of physical activity duration to rest duration was similar in the groups with different CPA. It was revealed that the proportion of energy expenditure associated with physical activity accounted for 70-80% and was higher in the groups of occupations with a higher work intensity. It was found that on the amount of daily physical activity the CPA of the working period has a more significant impact than the CPA of the rest time. To estimate the energy intake we use data on the chemical composition and energy value of the diet. The use of the relationship of dietary energy to the value of basal metabolism allowed to compare the values of energy expenditure between different professional groups. The advantage of the new energy expenditure unit is that it, as well as the CPA, is practically independent of sex, age, height and weight. Analysis of the relationship of energy consumption and energy expenditure did not reveal any dependence on the activity in the working period or the daily physical activity. Based on these data we discuss the feasibility of normalization of the physical activity and the prevention of sedentary lifestyles.