[Prevalences of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetics hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology, Antananarivo]. / Prévalences du syndrome métabolique et des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire chez les diabétiques de type 2 vus au service d'endocrinologie, Antananarivo.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is considered as a cardiovascular risk factor and has become a major public health issue. It exacerbates the risks, which are already high among diabetics. The purpose of this study is to determine the rates of metabolic syndrome and other cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) in type 2 diabetics. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study in the Department of Endocrinology at the Befelatanana General Hospital, Antananarivo, over a period of 7 months. The diagnosis of MS was based on IDF harmonized criteria (2009). A total of 219 patients with type 2 diabetes were involved in the study, of whom 189 had metabolic syndrome (86.30%). MS was predominant in female patients (55.88%). On average, the mean age of patients was 58,58 years, BMI was 24.28 kg/m2 and abdominal circumference was 87,40 cm. Diabetes developed, in average, over 4.36 years (75.8% of patients had imbalance). Apart from hyperglycemia, arterial hypertension (AH) was the most common component of MS, followed by hypoHDLemia, abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia between the two genders. Other most commonly reported cardiovascular risk factors associated with diabetes were dyslipidemia, followed by overweight or obesity, albuminuria and smoking. Overweight or obesity were cardiovascular risk factors significantly associated with MS. MS rate was very high in type 2 diabetics with several other CRFs. Adequate management of these risk factors is necessary to reduce the number of patients with MS as well as its consequences in order to improve survival.

[Case of thyroid ectopia in the hyoid region in a young Malagasy girl]. / Ectopie thyroïdienne hyoïdienne: à propos d'un cas chez une jeune fille malgache.

Thyroid ectopia is rare. It results from a failure of migration of the thyroid gland during its embryonic development. It is most often asymptomatic. We here report a case of thyroid ectopia in the hyoid region in a young Malagasy girl, presenting as aesthetic discomfort associated with subclinical hypothyroidism. Diagnosis was confirmed using cervical ultrasound and scintigraphy with technetium-99m. Hormone replacement therapy is the gold standard even in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism because it results in physiologic euthyroidism and good clinical evolution.