Antibiotic resistance of bacteria responsible for postoperative wound infections seen in the laboratory of the University Hospital of Befelatanana.

The management of postoperative wound infections is a major problem in hospitals due to the frequent ineffectiveness of antibiotic treatment. The objectives of this study are to identify the bacteria responsible for postoperative wound infections and to describe these antibiotic resistances in order to improve the management of these infections. It is a prospective study of 52 bacteriological results of postoperative wounds for a period of six months from January 2021 to June 2021 in the laboratory of the University Hospital of Befelatanana. This study showed 26 (50%) isolates of staphylococci, 17 (32.7%) isolates of enterobacteria, 6 (11.5%) isolates of streptococci and 3 (5.8%) isolates of nonfermenting gram-negatif bacilli. Antibiotic resistance, varies from 0% (vancomycin) to 92.3% (penicillin G) for staphylococci isolates, 0% (imipenem, amikacin) to 94.1% (amoxicillin) for enterobacteria isolates, 0% (vancomycin) to 50% (penicillin G) for streptococci isolates and 33% (imipenem, amikacin) to 100% (cotrimoxazole) for the isolates of nonfermenting gram-negatif bacilli. The knowledge of antibiotic resistance of bacteria responsible for postoperative wound infections allows better patient management.

[Resistant phenotypes of Escherichia coli strains responsible for urinary tract infection in the laboratory of the University Hospital Joseph Raseta Befelatanana, Antananarivo]. / Phénotypes de résistance des souches d'Escherichia coli responsables d'infection urinaire au laboratoire du Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Befelatanana Antananarivo.

INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli frequently occurs in the hospital environment. This study aims to describe resistant phenotypes of Escherichia coli strains to monitor their occurrence. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive retrospective study of 102 Escherchia coli strains responsible for urinary tract infection in the laboratory of the University Hospital Joseph Raseta Befelatanana, Antananarivo from January 2014 to October 2016. RESULTS: Beta-lactam antibiotic resistance screening identified high-level penicillinases 50% (n=51), Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) 22.5% (n=23), high-level cephalosporinases 14.7% (n=15), penicillinases low level 5.9% (n=6), wild type strains 5.9% (n=6) and a strain ofEscherichia coli emerging strain high-level resistance. Aminoglycosides resistance was identified in 58 (56.9%) wild type phenotype, 29 (28.4%) strains sensitive to amikacin and 15 (14.7%) resistant to all aminoglycosides. Fluoroquinolones resistance was identified in 52 (51%) wild type strains, 9 (8.8%) strains sensitive to ciprofloxacin and 41 (40.2%) resistant to all fluoroquinolones. Women (25, 7%) (p= 0.25, NS), patients more than 60 years (38.7%) (p=0.02), patients hospitalized in the Department of Nephrology (53.8%) (p=0.04), with urinary disorder and kidney disease (29, 7%) (p= 0.2, NS) were the most affected by E-ESBL. CONCLUSION: Based on high multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli strains guidelines for the empirical treatment of urinary tract infections need to be revised.

[Blood count results from hypertensive patients seen in laboratory of CHU-HJRB Antananarivo in 2013]. / Hémogramme chez les hypertendus vus au laboratoire du CHU-HJRB d'Antananarivo en 2013.

INTRODUCTION: The blood count is a routine laboratory test prescribed to patients suffering from high blood pressure. This study aims to describe the results of blood count from hypertensive patients and to identify conditions associated. METHODS: This retrospective and descriptive study concerns the period from the 1st of December 2012 to 31 th of December 2013 in the laboratory of University Hospital Center CHU-HJRB of Antananarivo. All records of results from hypertensive patients who requested blood count have been exploited. RESULTS: Among 151 hypertensive patients, 91 (60.3%) had pathological blood counts. Of these, 64 (70.4%) showed one type of abnormality and 27 (29.6%) had multiple abnormalities. The anaemia (33.91%), the leukocytosis (33.04%), the polycythemia (10.43%) and the leukopenia (9.57%) are the most frequent. Among the multiple abnormalities, anaemia associated with leukocytosis is the most observed (29.6%). The microcytosis anaemia (41%) and the neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytosis are the most dominant (47.4%). Patients in nephrology (90%) and in endocrinology (81.3%) are the most concerned (p = 0,008). Hypertensive under 20 years old (100%) and women (61.5%) are the most affected (p > 0, 05). The seizures (100%), the edema of the lower limbs (100%) and diabetes (70%) are the signs and pathology most encountered. CONCLUSION: The blood count should be prescribed for all hypertensive patients to identify the affections that will be treated simultaneously with the high blood pressure. Thus, hypertensive patients will have a good follow-up and their life expectancy will be improved.