ABSTRACT
Biosatellite BION-M1 was launched on April 19 and landed on May 19, 2013. The mission program was largely a continuation of the earlier flown 11 BION projects, FOTON-M2 and FOTON-M3. The biosatellite was inhabited by a great variety of living organisms used for experiments and studies in gravitational physiology, gravitational biology, biotechnology, astrobiology and radiation biology, dosimetry and spectrometry. This was the first time in the history of national biology and physiology when male mice C57bl/6 were chosen for a long-term space experiment focused upon molecular biology investigations. Unfortunately, because of technical failures during the flight a part of the animals were lost. However, the major objectives were attained through reconsideration of biomaterial division among investigators and completion of virtually the total scope of investigations.
Subject(s)
Gravitation , Space Flight , Spacecraft , Animals , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Models, Animal , Molecular Biology/methods , Research Design , Russia , Time FactorsABSTRACT
An experiment was carried out to validate and select feed to be supplied to Pachydactylus turneri in a 30-day orbital flight of robotic spacecraft BION-M1. Larvae of two Tenebrionidae species, i.e., Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas were tested for survivability, tolerance of hunger and cold, ability to stick to and move along different surfaces. Tenebrio molitor was shown to be best suited. A special feeder that will sustain the beetle over 30 days was designed. The experiment provided new data about Tenebrionidae biology and suggested the feeding technology for a 2-month space experiment with Pachydactylus turneri.
Subject(s)
Coleoptera/physiology , Feeding Methods/instrumentation , Larva/physiology , Adaptation, Physiological , Animals , Cold Temperature , Food Deprivation , Lizards , Robotics , Spacecraft , Stress, Physiological , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The paper report the results of studying mitotic activity and cytogenetic disorders in marrow and retinal epithelium cells of Mongolian gerbils in 21 - 23 hrs. of landing space apparatus Foton-M3, and the animals of synchronous and vivarium controls. Cells of the space flown gerbils displayed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) gain in the ratio of mitosis prophases and metaphases to the sum of ana- and telophases (1.7 +/- 0.3 and 2 +/- 0.1, respectively) as compared to these parameters in the synchronous and vivarium controls, where the ratio made up 0.6 +/- 0.1 and 0.7 +/- 0.1, respectively. Frequency of aberrant mytoses in the form of bridges was increased equally in both types of cells. Patterns of chromosome damages occurred in flight infer that the major portion of changes was not due to chromosome breakage but adhesion and ensuing wrong disjunction. These results seem to have been caused by acute g-stress to organism during re-entry and return from micro-g to the normal gravity.
Subject(s)
Bone Marrow Cells/cytology , Chromosomes, Mammalian , Cytogenetic Analysis/methods , Genetic Testing/methods , Gravitation , Retinal Pigment Epithelium/cytology , Space Flight , Animals , Follow-Up Studies , Gerbillinae , Male , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Action of "light" water with reduced quantities of heavy stable hydrogen and 18O ions on incidence and progress of lenticular opacity was studied in gamma-irradiated mice (60Co, 1.0 Gy). The animals were subjected to electroophthalmoscopy regularly till end of life time. The observation showed that chronic intake of "light" water safeguarded the irradiated mice against lenticular opacity. The experimental data indicate that "light" water strengthens the general body resistance as well as slows down aging of mammals.
Subject(s)
Cataract/prevention & control , Deuterium/analysis , Lens, Crystalline/growth & development , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/physiopathology , Water/administration & dosage , Animals , Cataract/etiology , Cataract/pathology , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Lens, Crystalline/drug effects , Lens, Crystalline/radiation effects , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Treatment Outcome , Water/chemistryABSTRACT
Effects of rectified water with low content of heavy stable isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium) and oxygen (18O) on radiation damage were studied in senior males of the Balb/c mice. The animals were irradiated by 60Co in unit PX-gamma-30 at a dose of 0.50 Gy. Dose rate was equal to 0.32 cGy/min. It was shown that rectified water had a positive effect on recovery of radiation damage such as impairment of immune organs (thymus and spleen), peripheral blood and marrow cells.
Subject(s)
Deuterium/analysis , Gamma Rays/adverse effects , Oxygen/analysis , Radiation Injuries/therapy , Water/administration & dosage , Water/chemistry , Animals , Isotopes , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Models, BiologicalABSTRACT
The investigations of the water with decreased content of heavy stable hydrogen and of oxygen (18O) isotope received by the method of rectification were conducted on development of radiation injuries in organisms of the experimental animals. The objects of the investigation were male mice of Balb/c line. The animals were irradiated at the unit PX-gamma-30 with the gamma-radiation source 60Co in the dose of 25 sGy. It was observed that the water with decreased content of heavy stable hydrogen and of oxygen (18O) isotope influences positively the processes of restoration. It was manifested in decrease of the degree of gravity of radiation injuries in immune system organs (thymus and spleen), peripheral blood and marrow cells.
Subject(s)
Deuterium , Radiation Injuries, Experimental , Regeneration/drug effects , Spleen/drug effects , Thymus Gland/drug effects , Water/administration & dosage , Animals , Deuterium/analysis , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Gamma Rays , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Oxygen Isotopes/analysis , Spleen/physiology , Spleen/radiation effects , Thymus Gland/physiology , Thymus Gland/radiation effects , Water/chemistryABSTRACT
The purpose was to investigate cytological and cytogenetic disorders in cornea epithelium and bone marrow cells of mice after different periods since irradiation by protons at an energy of 1000 MeV and gamma doses of 25 to 400 cGy (137Cs). Suppression of the mitotic activity of cells by ionizing radiations was a function of dose value. In addition, the rate of aberrant mitoses was dependent on the type of radiation and time elapsed after exposure. Coeffcients of the relative biological effectiveness of protons with an energy of 1000 MeV in 24, 72 and 120 hrs. after irradiation were calculated based on comparison of doses compromising mitosis in 50% of differentiating cells. For the cornea epithelium cell the coefficients amounted to 1.3; 1.2 and 1.1, respectively; for the bone marrow cells they were 1.2; 1.1 and 0.9, respectively. The fingerprint of the proton biological effect is a higher production of exchange aberrations suggesting more severe damages to the hereditary cells.
Subject(s)
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/radiation effects , Fibroblasts/radiation effects , Gamma Rays/adverse effects , Nuclear Energy , Protons/adverse effects , Animals , Bone Marrow/radiation effects , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred CBA , MitosisABSTRACT
A mathematical model for the prothrombin time test is proposed. The time course of clotting factor activation during coagulation was calculated, and the sensitivity of the test to a decrease in the concentrations of coagulation proteins or their activities was studied. The model predicts that only severe coagulation disorders connected with a more than five-fold decrease in the concentrations or activities of the blood coagulation factors can be revealed by the test.
