ABSTRACT
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. While PRRSV has been endemic in North America since 1989, it was not until 1999 that the virus was first described in South America. Notably, recently an increased number of PRRSV outbreaks have been reported in South American countries. However, epidemiological information related to these outbreaks is limited and the genetic characteristics of the PRRSV strains circulating in the region are poorly understood. In this study, we describe the genetic analyses of PRRSV strains associated with severe PRRS outbreaks in Peru. Samples originating from 14 farms located in two Departments in Peru (Lima and Arequipa), were subjected to RT-PCR amplification of the PRRSV ORF5 gene and sequencing followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Results demonstrated the circulation of PRRSV-2 in Peru. Notably ORF5 RFLP typing revealed that 15 (75%) of the PRRSV strains detected in this study belong to the RFLP 1-7-4 type. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Peruvian strains are closely related to the highly virulent PRRSV 1-7-4 strains that emerged in the US in 2013-2014. Results here indicate the presence of highly virulent PRRSV 1-7-4 strains in Peru and provide important information on the geographical distribution of PRRSV, confirming the recent geographical expansion of this important swine pathogen towards South America.
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/virology , Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/isolation & purification , Animals , Farms , Female , Geography , Male , Peru/epidemiology , Phylogeny , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/genetics , Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/pathogenicity , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Swine , Viral Envelope Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
Introducción: el cáncer cervicouterino es una de las localizaciones más frecuentes y de las primeras causas de mortalidad en casi todo el mundo, el pico de incidencia ocurre entre la cuarta y quinta década de la vida con tendencia creciente en los últimos años en mujeres jóvenes. El virus del papiloma humano se considera factor etiológico fundamental en relación a factores de riesgo que actuando sinérgicamente podría evolucionar hacia la enfermedad maligna y pasar por estados de lesiones intraepiteliales en un tiempo hasta de veinte cinco años, que lo hace más fáciles de detectar y prevenible, donde la videocolposcopia ocupa lugar primordial.Objetivo: valorar los resultados de la pesquisa del cáncer cervicouterino a través de la videocolposcopia.Método: se realizó un estudio de serie de casos en el Municipio Calixto García de la provincia Holguín, en el período comprendido entre enero a diciembre de 2013. El universo de estudio fueron 92 pacientes que asistieron a Consulta de Patología Benigna de Cuello, la muestra constituida por 79 a las que se les realizó videocolposcopia.Resultados: las edades de 35 a 44 años representaron el 38% de las pacientes estudiadas; el inicio precoz de las relaciones sexuales se evidenció en el 51,9%; el 39,2% refirieron de dos a cuatro parejas sexuales; 25,3% tenían citología orgánica negativa de dos a tres años. Predominaron las afecciones benignas con 29,1% de los diagnósticos colposcópicos. Existió correlación entre los diagnósticos colposcópicos, citológicos e histológicos.Conclusiones: la videocolposcopia resultó ser un método de gran utilidad en el diagnóstico precoz de lesiones pre malignas del cérvix, incluso en pacientes con citología orgánica negativa actualizada previo al examen.(AU)
Introduction: cervical cancer is one of the most frequent and the leading causes of mortality in almost all the world, the peak incidence occurs between the fourth and fifth decade of life with increasing tendency in recent years in young women. The human papillomavirus is considered a fundamental etiological factor in relation to risk factors that acting synergistically could evolve towards the malignant disease and pass through states of intraepithelial lesions in a time up to twenty five years, which makes it easier to detect and preventable, where the videocolposcopy occupies paramount place.Objective: to evaluate the results of cervical cancer research through videocolposcopy.Method: a case series study was carried out in Calixto García municipality of Holguín province, between January and December 2013. The study population included 92 patients who were attended at Benign Neck Pathology Consultation, the sample comprised 79 patients who underwent videocolposcopy.Results: the ages of 35 to 44 years represented 38% of the patients studied; the early onset of sexual intercourse was evident in 51.9%; 39.2% reported two to four sexual partners; 25.3% had negative organic cytology from two to three years. Benign conditions prevailed with 29.1% of the colposcopy diagnoses. There was correlation between colposcopy, cytological and histological diagnoses.Conclusions: videocolposcopy proved to be a very useful method for the early diagnosis of premalignant lesions of the cervix, even in patients with updated negative organic cytology prior to examination.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Colposcopy , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Early Detection of Cancer/methodsABSTRACT
Introducción: el cáncer cervicouterino es una de las localizaciones más frecuentes y de las primeras causas de mortalidad en casi todo el mundo, el pico de incidencia ocurre entre la cuarta y quinta década de la vida con tendencia creciente en los últimos años en mujeres jóvenes. El virus del papiloma humano se considera factor etiológico fundamental en relación a factores de riesgo que actuando sinérgicamente podría evolucionar hacia la enfermedad maligna y pasar por estados de lesiones intraepiteliales en un tiempo hasta de veinte cinco años, que lo hace más fáciles de detectar y prevenible, donde la videocolposcopia ocupa lugar primordial. Objetivo: valorar los resultados de la pesquisa del cáncer cervicouterino a través de la videocolposcopia. Método: se realizó un estudio de serie de casos en el Municipio Calixto García de la provincia Holguín, en el período comprendido entre enero a diciembre de 2013. El universo de estudio fueron 92 pacientes que asistieron a Consulta de Patología Benigna de Cuello, la muestra constituida por 79 a las que se les realizó videocolposcopia. Resultados: las edades de 35 a 44 años representaron el 38% de las pacientes estudiadas; el inicio precoz de las relaciones sexuales se evidenció en el 51,9%; el 39,2% refirieron de dos a cuatro parejas sexuales; 25,3% tenían citología orgánica negativa de dos a tres años. Predominaron las afecciones benignas con 29,1% de los diagnósticos colposcópicos. Existió correlación entre los diagnósticos colposcópicos, citológicos e histológicos. Conclusiones: la videocolposcopia resultó ser un método de gran utilidad en el diagnóstico precoz de lesiones pre malignas del cérvix, incluso en pacientes con citología orgánica negativa actualizada previo al examen.
Introduction: cervical cancer is one of the most frequent and the leading causes of mortality in almost all the world, the peak incidence occurs between the fourth and fifth decade of life with increasing tendency in recent years in young women. The human papillomavirus is considered a fundamental etiological factor in relation to risk factors that acting synergistically could evolve towards the malignant disease and pass through states of intraepithelial lesions in a time up to twenty five years, which makes it easier to detect and preventable, where the videocolposcopy occupies paramount place. Objective: to evaluate the results of cervical cancer research through videocolposcopy. Method: a case series study was carried out in Calixto García municipality of Holguín province, between January and December 2013. The study population included 92 patients who were attended at Benign Neck Pathology Consultation, the sample comprised 79 patients who underwent videocolposcopy. Results: the ages of 35 to 44 years represented 38% of the patients studied; the early onset of sexual intercourse was evident in 51.9%; 39.2% reported two to four sexual partners; 25.3% had negative organic cytology from two to three years. Benign conditions prevailed with 29.1% of the colposcopy diagnoses. There was correlation between colposcopy, cytological and histological diagnoses. Conclusions: videocolposcopy proved to be a very useful method for the early diagnosis of premalignant lesions of the cervix, even in patients with updated negative organic cytology prior to examination.
ABSTRACT
Reportamos por primera vez la presencia del nematodo, Serratospiculum tendo Nitzsch, 1819, parasitando los sacos aéreos de un halcón peregrino (Falco peregrinus Tunstall, 1771). Seis nematodos (2 machos y 4 hembras) fueron colectados e identificados como S. tendo. El hallazgo de este nematodo constituye el primer registro en el Perú
We report for first time the presence of nematode, Serratospiculum tendo Nitzsch, 1819, parasitizing air sacs of a Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus Tunstall, 1771). Six nematodes (2 males and 4 females) were collected and identified as S. tendo. The discovery of this nematode is the first record in Peru
ABSTRACT
Taenia solium cysticercosis infects pigs and humans. Because antiparasitic treatment for human cysticercosis has sub-optimal efficacy, alternative regimes are needed. Seven antiparasitic regimens were tested in 42 naturally infected pigs with cysticercosis, and compared with prednisone alone (n = 6) or no treatment (n = 6). The numbers of viable cysts in muscles and in the brain were examined after necropsy and were significantly decreased in pigs receiving combined albendazole plus praziquantel, albendazole alone, or oxfendazole. Pigs receiving praziquantel alone and nitazoxanide had numerous surviving cysts. Control (untreated) pigs and prednisone-treated pigs had many more viable cysts, suggesting no effect. Combined albendazole plus praziquantel, and oxfendazole, showed a strong cysticidal effect and provide suitable alternative treatments to be further explored for their use for treatment of human neurocysticercosis.
