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1.
Rev. Fac. Cienc. Vet ; 54(1): 3-10, jun. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-690378

ABSTRACT

Para evaluar los efectos cardiorespiratorios y los requerimientos de isofluorano en conejos sometidos a cirugía oftálmica tratados en diferentes momentos con tramadol, fue realizado un estudio prospectivo experimental de tipo ciego en 24 conejos distribuidos aleatoriamente en tres grupos de ocho individuos cada uno: grupo tramadol preoperatorio (Tpre), grupo tramadol transoperatorio (Ttrans) y grupo tramadol postoperatorio (Tpos). Cada animal recibió tres inyecciones intramusculares de igual volumen en los periodos pre, intra y postoperatorio, conteniendo tramadol (4mg/kg) o NaCl 0,9%, de acuerdo al momento indicado para cada grupo. La inducción y mantenimiento anestésico fueron realizados con isofluorano en FiO2 1,0. Una vez estabilizado el plano anestésico, fue iniciado el procedimiento quirúrgico. Se evaluaron: frecuencia cardíaca (FC), presión arterial media (PAM), frecuencia respiratoria (f), presión de CO2 al final de la expiración (EtCO2), saturación parcial de oxihemoglobina (SpO2) y concentración de isofluorano al final de la expiración (EtISO). Las variables fueron medidas después de la estabilización anestésica (m1) y cada 10 min desde el inicio de la cirugía, hasta el final del experimento (m10 a m40). La FC, SpO2, f , EtCO2 y EtISO fueron similares entre grupos durante todo el tiempo. La PAM fue significativamente mayor (p<0,01) durante m1 comparada con el resto del tiempo y el grupo Tpre mostró valores inferiores (p=0,04) de este parámetro durante m1 con relación a los demás grupos. El clorhidrato de tramadol promueve la reducción transitoria de la presión arterial en conejos anestesiados con isofluorano y sometidos a cirugía oftálmica. La administración preoperatoria del fármaco no disminuye el requerimiento anestésico y resulta en hipotensión más pronunciada. Adicionalmente, la anestesia con isofluorano, asociada al reflejo óculo-cardiaco, generan hipotensión arterial, fenómeno que debe tenerse en cuenta durante cirugías oftalmológicas.


To evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects and isoflurane requirements of tramadol applied at different times during ophthalmic surgery, a blind prospective study was made in 24 rabbits, randomly divided into three groups of eight subjects each: pre-operatory tramadol group (Tpre), trans-operatory tramadol group (Ttrans) and post-operatory tramadol group (Tpos), which received three intramuscular injections of equal volume, in the pre, intra and post-operative period, containing tramadol hydrochloride (4 mg/kg) or NaCl 0,9%, according to each group. Anesthetic induction and maintenance was made with isoflurane diluted FiO2 1.0. Once the anesthetic plane was stabilized, surgical procedure was started. Were evaluated heart rate (HR), medium arterial presseure (MAP), respiratory rate (f), end tidal CO2 (EtCO2), Oxihemoglobin saturation (SpO2) and end tidal isoflurane (EtISO). Variables were measured after anesthesia stabilization (m1) and every 10 min after onset of surgery, until the end of experimental protocol (m10 to m40). HR, SpO2, f, EtCO2 and EtISO were similar among groups at all times. MAP were significantly higher (p<0.01) in m1 than in other moments and Tpre group showed lower (p=0.04) values than the other groups at this moment. Tramadol hydrochloride promotes transient reduction of blood pressure in isoflurane anesthetized rabbits subjected to ophthalmic surgery. The preoperative administration of the drug does not reduce the anesthetic requirement and results in a more pronounced hypotension. Additionally, isoflurane anesthesia, associated to oculocardiac reflex generates a hypotension phenomenon that must be taken in to considertation during ophthalmologic surgeries.

2.
Clin. cienc ; 2(2): 55-61, 2004.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-418864

ABSTRACT

El factor neurotrófico ciliar (CNTF) es una citokina que tiene efectos tróficos sobre neuronas sensitivas y motoras, ya que modifica su expresión génica y afecta su supervivencia. Este trabajo es una revisión de los antecedentes de los efectos de la aplicación de CNTF en modelos animales de neuropatías degenerativas humanas,que han sugerido que esta citokina tiene potencialidades para convertirse en una herramienta para el tratamiento de pacientes con enfermedad de Huntington. También se describen los efectos de la aplicación experimental de CNTF a pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica. Entre las técnicas empleadas para aplicar CNTF en modelos animales se encuentran la implantación local de células modificadas genéticamente para secretar CNTF y el uso de vectores para insertar genes en neuronas. Estas técnicas de la biología molecular podrían emplearse como herramientas para el tratamiento preventivo de pacientes susceptibles de desarrollar una patología neurodegenerativa o para recuperar las funciones motoras y cognitivas en pacientes que hayan desarrollado la enfermedad.


Subject(s)
Animals , Neurodegenerative Diseases/drug therapy , Neurodegenerative Diseases/therapy , Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor/pharmacology , Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor/therapeutic use , Huntington Disease/chemically induced , Receptor, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor
3.
Aten Primaria ; 32(9): 509-13, 2003 Nov 30.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14651827

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study was to determine the degree of similarity between large primary prevention trials of hypercholesterolemia and our population of patients with dyslipidemia, in order to evaluate the external validity of these studies and their applicability to the general population. DESIGN: Descriptive retrospective study. SETTING: Tafalla Health Center in Navarra (Northern Spain), serving a population of 11 500 inhabitants.Participants. All patients older than 18 years assigned to our health center who had dyslipidemia with no antecedents of ischemic heart disease. RESULTS: The percentage of patients in our sample who satisfied the inclusion criteria used in large clinical trials ranged from 2.4% to 46%, depending on the study: AFCAPS/TexCAPS 1998, 46.2%; HPS 2002, 46.1%; WOSCOPS 1995, 10.9%; HHS 1987, 10.6%; LRC-CPPT 1984, 2.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Many of our patients (54%-97%) with dyslipidemia would not have been eligible for inclusion in earlier studies of hyperlipidemia and primary prevention. The external validity (applicability to the general population) of these studies is questionable. Decision-making in clinical practice for the primary prevention of hypercholesterolemia should be based on the risk/benefit ratio of pharmacological treatment.


Subject(s)
Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use , Coronary Disease/prevention & control , Hypercholesterolemia/prevention & control , Primary Prevention , Adult , Aged , Coronary Disease/blood , Coronary Disease/etiology , Female , Humans , Lipids/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Primary Health Care , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
4.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 32(9): 509-513, nov. 2003.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-30117

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. El objetivo principal de nuestro estudio es determinar el grado de similitud de los grandes ensayos clínicos de prevención primaria e hipercolesterolemia y nuestra población de pacientes con dislipemia, para valorar su aplicabilidad a la población general y la validez externa de los mismos. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Emplazamiento. Centro de Salud de Tafalla (Navarra); población de 11.500 habitantes. Participantes. Todos los pacientes dislipémicos, mayores de 18 años, sin antecedentes de cardiopatía isquémica, del centro de salud. Resultados. El porcentaje pacientes de nuestra muestra que cumplen los criterios de inclusión de los grandes estudios varía del 46 al 2,4 por ciento. En el estudio AFCAPS/TexCAPS (1998) fue del 46,2 por ciento, en el estudio HPS (2002) del 46,1 por ciento, en el estudio WOSCOPS (1995) del 10,9 por ciento, en el estudio HHS (1987) del 10,6 por ciento, y en el estudio LRC-CPPT (1984) del 2,4 por ciento. Conclusiones. Un gran número de nuestros pacientes (97-54 por ciento) con dislipemia no serían incluidos en los estudios de hiperlipidemia y prevención primaria. Comprobamos que la validez externa (aplicabilidad a la población general) de estos estudios es cuestionable. La toma de decisiones en la práctica clínica de la prevención primaria en la hipercolesterolemia deberá basarse en la relación riesgo/beneficio de la introducción de un fármaco (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adult , Aged , Male , Female , Humans , Primary Prevention , Risk Factors , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Primary Health Care , Anticholesteremic Agents , Coronary Disease , Hypercholesterolemia , Lipids
5.
Rev. chil. cir ; 55(4): 351-355, ago. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-393915

ABSTRACT

Se presenta la experiencia acumulada en la Unidad de Coloproctología del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la colitis ulcerosa idiopática en nuestro medio, en el período comprendido entre 1987 y 2002. El universo comprende a 42 pacientes, 23 mujeres y 19 hombres cuyos datos fueron ingresados a una base de Epilnfo. En promedio se operaron 5 pacientes por año. Se analiza la indicación de cirugía y la técnica empleada considerando que es la proctocolectomía con reservorio ileal protegido con una ileostomía en asa el "gold standard" en el tratamiento quirúrgico de esta patología. La cirugía por etapas en dos o en tres etapas dependiendo de la indicación. En cuanto a las complicaciones destacan las derivadas del reservorio lo que significó la pérdida definitiva del reservorio en el 9,4 por ciento, cifra que está de acuerdo con lo reportado en la literatura. La mortalidad global de esta serie fue de 2,3 por ciento. Esta es una ciurgía de alta complejidad, que se efectúa en nuestro medio en pacientes habitualmente de emergencia o de urgencia, lo que explica la presencia de morbimortalidad, considerando además que al ser en etapas en cada una de ellas pueden presentarse complicaciones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Colonic Pouches , Colitis, Ulcerative/surgery , Ileostomy , Proctocolectomy, Restorative
6.
Acta Neurol Scand ; 99(4): 232-5, 1999 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10225353

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Aortic dissection (AoD) is characterized by a transverse intimal tear that in most cases occurs in the right lateral wall of the ascending aorta. Neurological deficit is seen as an initial manifestation in about 20% of patients (8%-33%). OBJECTIVES: To analyze the frequency of these complications and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. METHODS: Retrospective review of the neurologic complications of patients with type I AoD who underwent surgical treatment between January 1988/April 1996. RESULTS: We report 24 patients. Nine (37.7%) developed neurologic symptoms which we have classified as follows: Hypoxic encephalopathy, 5 (55.5%); ischemic stroke, 2 (22.2%); ischemic neuropathy, 2 (22.2%) and spinal cord ischemia, 1 (11.1%). One is included in both first and third group. CONCLUSIONS: Neurologic complications are frequent in type I AoD, mainly focal or global cerebral ischemia. The former could be due to advancement of the false channel towards the aortic arch vessels and the latter to global central nervous system hypoperfusion.


Subject(s)
Aorta , Aortic Rupture/complications , Aortic Rupture/diagnostic imaging , Aphasia/etiology , Brain Ischemia/etiology , Consciousness Disorders/etiology , Spinal Cord Diseases/etiology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aortography , Aphasia/diagnosis , Brain/blood supply , Brain Ischemia/diagnosis , Consciousness Disorders/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neurologic Examination , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Spinal Cord Diseases/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 127(3): 269-75, mar. 1999. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-243790

ABSTRACT

Background: Glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and catalase are two important cellular antioxidant enzymes involved in H2O2 and lipid-peroxide metabolism. Aim: To study the effects of growth, maturation and aging on the activity of these enzymes. Material and methods: GSHPx and catalase specific activities were measured in samples of diaphragm and intercostal muscle of male Sprague-Dawley rats of different ages (21, 50, 70, 180 and 365 days), anesthetised with chloral hydrate (45 mg/100 g ip). Results: The diaphragm and intercostal muscles did not differ in GSHPx activity at 21 days. After that, GSHPx activity increased progressively with age, but following a different pattern, in each muscle, suggesting an increase in enzyme substrates with age. In one year old animals, GSHPx activity was 5 times higher for the diaphragm and 3 times higher for the intercostal muscles, when compared with values observed at 21 days of age. Catalase activity also increased with age in the diaphragm but not in the intercostal muscles. Conclusions: GSHPx activity increases progressively with age in rat respiratory muscles, with a time course that is specific of each muscle. Catalase activity increases with age only in the diaphragm. These results support the hypothesis that antioxidants in respiratory muscles undergo specific regulatory changes with age


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Catalase/metabolism , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Respiratory Muscles/enzymology , Aging , Age Factors , Rats, Sprague-Dawley/growth & development
8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 126(10): 1153-60, oct. 1998. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-242698

ABSTRACT

Background: Although the hamster model of elastase induced emphysema is well characterized, the rat model has received less attention. Aim: To evaluate the effect of a single intratracheal elastase dose on lung pathological changes of Sprague-Dawley rats. Material and methods: Rats were injected with a single intratracheal elastase dose of 28 U/100 g body weight or saline and studied 7, 15, 30 and 365 days after injection. Results: Forty percent of rats died in the first 48 hours after injection, six were sacrificed at 7 days, 6 at 15 days, 7 at 30 days and 12 at 365 days. Progressive centroacinar emphysema was found from day 7 after elastase, with a persistent inflammatory reaction in the vicinity of emphysematous areas. Conclusions: Present findings differ from the panacinar emphysema described in the hamster using a similar elastase dose


Subject(s)
Humans , Rats , Pulmonary Emphysema/chemically induced , Pancreatic Elastase/pharmacology , Pulmonary Alveoli/drug effects , Pulmonary Emphysema/etiology , Case-Control Studies , Connective Tissue/drug effects , Lung , Lung/pathology
9.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg ; 10(10): 919-21, 1996.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8911849

ABSTRACT

This report describes a myxoma with three recurrences, two of them synchronous neoplasms in both atrial chambers, without evidence of familial history or features of the "myxoma complex" (lentiginosis, other non-cardiac myxomas and endocrine overactivity). The patient underwent complete resection of the myxoma with their surrounding tissue 3 times between 1983 and 1992. At the time of writing no other myxoma has been diagnosed in this patient.


Subject(s)
Heart Neoplasms/surgery , Myxoma/surgery , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/surgery , Echocardiography , Heart Atria/pathology , Heart Atria/surgery , Heart Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardium/pathology , Myxoma/pathology , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology , Reoperation
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