The Puerto Rico Young Adults' Stress, Contextual, Behavioral & Cardiometabolic Risk (PR-OUTLOOK) Study: Design and Methods.

The Puerto Rico (PR) Young Adults' Stress, Contextual, Behavioral & Cardiometabolic Risk Study (PR-OUTLOOK) is investigating overall and component-specific cardiovascular health (CVH) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a sample of young (age 18-29) Puerto Rican adults in PR (target n=3,000) and examining relationships between individual-, family/social- and neighborhood-level stress and resilience factors and CVH and CVD risk factors. The study is conducting standardized measurements of CVH and CVD risk factors and demographic, behavioral, psychosocial, neighborhood, and contextual variables and establishing a biorepository of blood, saliva, urine, stool, and hair samples. The assessment methods are aligned with other National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute funded studies: the Puerto Rico Observational Study of Psychosocial, Environmental, and Chronic Disease Trends (PROSPECT) of adults 30-75 years, the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS), and the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA). PR-OUTLOOK data and its biorepository will facilitate future longitudinal studies of the temporality of associations between stress and resilient factors and CVH and CVD risk factors among young Puerto Ricans, with remarkable potential for advancing the scientific understanding of these conditions in a high-risk but understudied young population.

Cryptic Caribbean species of Scorpaena (Actinopterygii: Scorpaeniformes) suggested by cytogenetic and molecular data.

Cytogenetic and molecular analyses enabled identification of two cytotypes among individuals of the spotted scorpion fish Scorpaena plumieri from Margarita Island, Venezuela. Cytotype 1 was characterized by 48 subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes and fundamental number (number of chromosome arms; FN) equalled 48, while cytotype 2 was characterized by two metacentric and 46 subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes and FN was 50. These cytotypes also differed in the location of the ribosomal gene clusters and in the distribution of the constitutive heterochromatin. Moreover, fish from the cytotypes 1 and 2 were found to belong to distinct mitochondrial lineages. The presence of two S. plumieri cytotypes from two lineages separated by high genetic distance suggests that they correspond to sympatric cryptic species.

Migraña con aura: Una mirada molecular a un problema hereditario / Migraine with aura: A molecular view to a hereditary disorder

Migraine with aura (MA) is a common neurological disorder characterized by severe episodes of headache, generally unilateral, which are preceded by a focal reversible neurological deficit. The studies on MA reveal the existence of familiar aggregation compatible with a high degree of heritability and a complex multifactorial mode of transmission. The genetic factors of MA are unknown. An association to a locus in the long arm of chromosome 4 at the level of 4q22-q25 was recently reported in families with MA in Finland. Objetive: To analyze the genomic DNA of 5 Chilean families with MA to determine if there is linkage to the locus described in Finish families. Metodology: Families with MA were selected applying the diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society (ICD-10), in which the index case or a member of the family should have MA. The genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral lymphocytes of members of each family (n = 25). Highly polymorphic genomic markers were used for the systematic analysis of the locus on 4q22-q25. Results and Discussion: The LOD score analysis of the 5 Chilean families investigated showed absence of linkage to the marker D4S1578 (maximum 0,35; p = 0.24). Due to the complexity of MA heritability it is possible that one or more loci different from the studied region are involved in the pathophysiology of MA. The study will continue with the inclusion of more family members and isolated MA cases, with the purpose of comparing Chilean and German families in an independent sample.

La migraña con aura (MA) es una patología común, caracterizada por ataques severos de cefalea generalmente unilateral, precedidos por un déficit neurológico focal reversible. Los estudios en MA revelan la existencia de agregación familiar compatible con un alto grado de herencia y un modo de transmisión multifactorial complejo. Los factores genéticos de la MA con herencia compleja son desconocidos. En familias finlandesas con MA se encontró recientemente ligamiento a un locus en el brazo largo del cromosoma 4 a nivel de 4q22-q25. Objetivo: Analizar el DNA genómico de 5 familias chilenas con MA para determinar si hay ligamiento al locus descrito en familias finlandesas. Metodología: Se seleccionaron familias con MA aplicando los criterios diagnósticos de la Sociedad Internacional de Cefalea (ICD-10), donde el caso índice o algún miembro de la familia debían tener MA. El DNA genómico se extrajo de leucocitos en sangre periférica de miembros seleccionados de cada familia (n = 25). Se usaron marcadores genómicos altamente polimórficos (microsatélites) para el análisis sistemático del locus 4q22-q25. Resultados y Discusión: El cálculo del LOD score mostró ausencia de ligamiento en las 5 familias analizadas (máximo de 0,35; p = 0,24) con el marcador D4S1578. Dado el carácter complejo de herencia en la MA es posible que existan uno o varios loci involucrados en su etiopatogenia, distintos al de la región estudiada. El estudio se continuará a través de la ampliación de las familias estudiadas y de la recolección de casos aislados de MA, con el objetivo de realizar futuros estudios de asociación para comparar los hallazgos en familias chilenas con los de familias alemanas en una muestra independiente.

Chest wall peritoneal dialysis catheter placement in infants with a colostomy.

The presence of a colostomy in infants with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with an inherent risk for contamination and the development of a PD catheter-associated infection. A two-piece presternal catheter designed to reduce the incidence of such infections has been used in a small number of children, but the implantation of the catheter is technically difficult, and there is a risk of disconnection of the two parts secondary to rapid patient growth in the first year of life. Alternatively, a conventional Swan neck catheter, larger than typically required, can be placed with its exit site located on the chest wall. Over the past three years, we adopted this novel approach in two patients with ESRD and a colostomy in whom PD catheters were placed at ages 4 days and 12 days, respectively. During a combined follow-up of 50 months, only one episode of peritonitis and no episodes of exit-site or tunnel infection have been observed. This experience supports the use of this unique approach to PD catheter placement in infants with ESRD and a colostomy.

Normal size and shape of the breast and elaboration of a natural pattern.

An historical resume of the female breast is furnished, and the influence that different ages and cultures had on its shape is discussed. The normal size and shape of the breast is analyzed after a study of 35 normal cases. Finally the technique for obtaining a natural pattern with 3M Scotch tape, Ref. 202, is presented, and the modifications for its adaption to a predetermined normal mammary volume (modified natural patterns) are described. The modified natural patterns are used in preoperative planning for reduction mammaplasties and the natural pattern is used to check the end result.

Chromosomal variations in the primate Alouatta seniculus seniculus.

Chromosome analysis in 23 specimens of Alouatta s. seniculus trapped in different localities of Colombia were examined with the C- and Q-banding techniques. The chromosome numbers (2n=44) showed variations from 2n = 43 to 2n = 45 involving three and five microchromosomes, respectively. Two specimens also showed a structural chromosome variation involving a pericentric inversion of the chromosome No. 13. Chromosome measurements revealed an X chromosome with a value significantly smaller to that established for the standard mammalian X chromosome.

Conversion de sistema y elevacion de voltaje en la red de baja tension

Se busca a traves de este estudio establecer la base tecnica-economica y soluciones a los diversos problemas que involucra el cambio de nivel de tension y de sistema, aplicada a una red que originalmente trabaja en sistema delta abierto, 4 hilos, nivel de tension 230/115 (V), a otro sistema en estrella con neutro a tierra, 4 hilos y nivel de tension 231/400(V). Brindar un documento de referencia y orientacion que permita conocer las alternativas y requerimientos que exige un cambio de nivel de tension y sistema.