Nivel de calidad de las tesis de la maestría en enfermería a partir del resumen de la tesis, periodo 2015 a 2020 / Quality level of the Master's in Nursing theses from the thesis abstract, period 2015 to 2020

Introducción. La calidad de los resultados de un programa de posgrado incluye el análisis de las tesis elaboradas de los graduados y para esta investigación se siguió el modelo de evaluación de resultados CIPP (Contexto, Insumo, Proceso y Producto). Objetivo. Analizar el nivel de calidad en las tesis a través indicadores como son, la estructura del resumen y pertinencia y actualidad de las referencias bibliográficas, para cinco generaciones de graduados de la Maestría en Enfermería de la UNAM. Método. Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se adaptó y validó un instrumento desarrollado por Pavaric y Cols. (2009) y las referencias bibliográficas se valoraron mediante una escala Likert que se diseñó y se validó por jueces. Resultados. De las 156 tesis totales de las generaciones reportadas, 102 contenían resúmenes y correspondieron a la generación 2017 y a la línea de investigación de administración del servicio de enfermería. La estructura del resumen muestra mayor calidad en el apartado de la metodología y la de las referencias bibliográficas es variable en formato y vigencia. Discusión. Los resúmenes y las referencias bibliográficas de las tesis son indicadores fundamentales en la calidad de las tesis de posgrado y son referencia para las evaluaciones de resultados del programa. Conclusión. La calidad de las tesis requiere diversos indicadores para lograr una mayor visibilidad en las bases de datos científicas. Se requiere una estructura clara y homologada de los resúmenes y una mayor calidad en las referencias bibliográficas con presencia de citas internacionales. Palabras Clave: evaluación de resultados, enfermería, calidad de las tesis, indicadores de calidad.

Introduction. The quality of the results of a postgraduate program includes the analysis of the theses made by the graduates, and for this research the model of the results assessment CIPP (Context, Input, Process and Product) was followed. Objective. To analyze the quality level on the theses through indicators such as the summary structure, and relevance and currency of bibliographical references, for five generations of graduates of the Master's in Nursing from UNAM. Method. A quantitative, descriptive and retrospective study. An instrument developed by Pavaric and Cols. (2009) was adapted and validated, and bibliographical references were assessed using a Likert scale, designed and validated by the judges. Results. Of the 156 total theses of the reported generations, 102 contained abstracts and corresponded to the 2017 generation and to the line of research of Nursing Service Management. The summary structure shows a higher quality in the methodology section, and the one showed on the bibliographical references is variable in format and validity. Discussion. The theses' summaries and bibliographical references are fundamental indicators on the quality of the postgraduate theses, and they are references for the assessments of the program results. Conclusion. The quality of the theses requires various indicators in order to achieve a higher visibility at the basis of scientific data. A clear and homologated structure is required, as well as a higher quality on bibliographical references with the presence of international quotes.

Left Ventricular Apical Aneurysm in a Cat With Primary Cardiomyopathy.

A 13-year-old female Persian cat died suddenly after severe respiratory distress. At necropsy, the changes were compatible with congestive heart failure. The heart was enlarged with a flabby and puckered sac-like aneurysm at the apex of the left ventricle. The apical zone showed a thin muscular wall arising from the free wall of the left ventricle connected to a bulged saccular area through a wide communication. Microscopically, the wall of the aneurysm was composed of fibrous connective tissue with neovascularization and sparse atrophied myocardial cells at the margins. A few isolated cardiomyocytes in the lesion stained positively for desmin, and the inner lining of the aneurysm had immunoreactivity to von Willebrand factor and CD31. Mature fibrous connective tissue was interspersed with degenerated and disorganized cardiomyocytes elsewhere in the myocardium, and many small myocardial arteries were tortuous and thickened. In this case of sudden death, the diagnosis was primary cardiomyopathy, with formation of a left ventricular apical aneurysm within an area of marked myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte atrophy.

Mast cell density during initiation and progression of the local Shwartzman reaction.

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: To quantify the number of mast cells in the skin of rabbits during initiation and progression of the local Shwartzman reaction. MATERIALS: Thirty New Zealand rabbits were divided in two groups (n = 15/group). One group was subjected to the Shwartzman reaction and the other group served as control. Subsequently, animals were further subdivided in six groups of five animals each according to time of euthanasia. TREATMENTS: The local Shwartzman reaction was induced by two inoculations of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide. Preparatory inoculation was given intradermally and, 24 h later, the provocative injection was administered intravenously. Controls were subjected to the same procedure but received saline. After provocative injection animals were killed at 1, 8, and 15 days. METHODS: Skin samples were fixed in Carnoy's solution and mast cells were identified employing a low pH toluidine blue stain. Numbers of mast cells were determined per square millimetre and, subsequently, those cells degranulated were identified and quantified to obtain absolute values. A Student's t test was initially used to compare Shwartzman versus controls at each time point. Subsequently, an ANOVA test employing a factorial experiment was used to assess a possible interaction between time of euthanasia and treatments. RESULTS: The values were transformed (natural logarithms) for appropriate statistical comparisons. Independent comparisons at each time point showed that Shwartzman groups had higher numbers of mast cells than controls at 1 and 8 days, but not at 15 days (5.71 +/- 1.00 Vs. 2.40 +/- 0.58, P < 0.005; 3.77 +/- 0.90 Vs. 2.33 +/- 0.56, P < 0. 025, and 2.61 +/- 0.25 Vs. 2.39 +/- 0.39, P > 0.05, respectively). Degranulated cells were numerous in Shwartzman groups, particularly at day 1 (3.48 +/- 0.78) and less obvious at day 8 (0.72 +/- 0.50), but were scarce by day 15 (-0.67 +/- 0.99) as well as controls (-0.68 +/- 0.91). The factorial experiment demonstrated that the Shwartzman reaction and time of euthanasia were independently significant (P < 0.005) but their interaction at day 1 was the major contributor (P < 0.005). Tukey's w pairwise comparisons of means confirmed that the Shwartzman group killed at day 1 was significantly different from the others (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Mast cells significantly increase in the early stages of the local Shwartzman reaction. Thus, mast cells are a highly dynamic cell population, which have a prominent role during the acute phase of this lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory reaction but not during healing.