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1.
Arch Med Res ; 51(6): 564-571, 2020 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32482372

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Diabetes prevalence estimation and reduction of its risk factors remain the major goals of health services. While obesity is the major risk factor for diabetes, body fat distribution may be a better predictor. AIMS: To estimate the prevalence of diabetes in an adult working population in Mexico City, and to evaluate the strength of association with different risk factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in two city halls of Mexico City. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, physical activity, diet, and biochemical parameters were assessed. Diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose level ≥7.0 mmol/l or referred diabetes. The bioelectrical impedance analysis of body components was performed and weight, soft lean mass, body fat percentage and abdominal fat were obtained. Prevalence with 95% confidence intervals was estimated, as well as odds ratios derived from a logistic regression model. RESULTS: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 11.0% (95% CI 9.6-12.4%). The proportion of individuals with diabetes who were unaware of having the disease was higher in women (42.5 vs. 36.9%), and the degree of metabolic control was better in women (39.1 vs. 25.0%). Age, blood pressure, triglycerides and the percentage of body fat, were major risk factors related to the occurrence of type 2 diabetes. No relation was observed with physical activity and diet. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Mexico continues to be high and obesity measured by body fat percentage seems to be a better predictor of its occurrence than body mass index.


Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology , Obesity/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Young Adult
2.
Gac Med Mex ; 155(6): 641-646, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31787763

ABSTRACT

This paper analyzes the situation and the changes made in the Institute of Sanitary and Tropical Diseases between 1965 and 1989 to become the National Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference. Three major stages are identified during this period: crisis, transition and renewal. The factors that led to the crisis, the decisions made to overcome it and to harmonize the work of laboratories with epidemiological and public health criteria are discussed. The recognition obtained by researchers of the Institute despite the crisis is described, as well as the way the institution managed to continue with projects despite the changing global situation. The transition included the arrival of a new generation of professionals with modern computer-based and conceptual tools and the remarkably well met challenge of participating in national surveys with rigorous criteria. All this moved the institution to define its profile towards diagnosis and reference.


El artículo analiza la situación y los cambios efectuados en el Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales entre 1965 y 1989 para transformarse en el Instituto Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos. Se identifican tres grandes etapas en el periodo: crisis, transición y renovación. Se señalan los elementos que llevaron a la crisis, las decisiones que se tomaron para salir de ella y armonizar el trabajo de los laboratorios con criterios epidemiológicos y de salud pública. Se citan las distinciones obtenidas por investigadores del Instituto a pesar de la crisis y se describe cómo la institución logró seguir con proyectos a pesar de la cambiante situación mundial. La transición incluyó la llegada de una nueva generación de profesionales con modernas herramientas informáticas y conceptuales y el desafío de participar en encuestas nacionales con criterios rigurosos. Todo ello movió a la institución a definir su perfil hacia el diagnóstico y la referencia.


Subject(s)
Academies and Institutes/history , Public Health/history , Tropical Medicine/history , History, 20th Century , Humans , Mexico
3.
Gac Med Mex ; 155(4): 391-398, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31486790

ABSTRACT

The period that starts in 1940 is crucial for the creation of Mexico's modern health system. The Institute of Sanitary and Tropical Diseases is the pioneer institution in health research and on its first two decades it achieved maturity and consolidated lines of research expressed in almost 1700 publications. It also obtained notorious international visibility and was selected as a regional reference for epidemiological surveillance of influenza, streptococcus and salmonella. Its evolution took place with an innovation rhythm that would be decreasing by the end of this period. It faced limitations to renew lines of research, researchers and laboratory equipment. However, its role in public health decisions of the country remained central.


El periodo que comienza en 1940 es crucial para la creación del moderno sistema de salud de México. El Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales es la institución pionera en investigación en salud y en sus primeras dos décadas logra madurez y consolida líneas de investigación expresadas en casi 1700 publicaciones. También obtiene notoria visibilidad internacional y fue seleccionado como referencia regional para la vigilancia epidemiológica de influenza, estreptococo y salmonela. Su evolución se produjo con ritmo de innovación que iría disminuyendo para el final de ese periodo. Enfrentó limitaciones para renovar líneas de trabajo, investigadores y equipo de laboratorio, sin embargo, su papel en las decisiones de la salud pública del país siguió siendo central.


Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care/history , Public Health/history , Research/history , Academies and Institutes/history , Epidemiological Monitoring , History, 20th Century , Humans , Mexico
4.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 155(4): 391-398, jul.-ago. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286523

ABSTRACT

Resumen El periodo que comienza en 1940 es crucial para la creación del moderno sistema de salud de México. El Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales es la institución pionera en investigación en salud y en sus primeras dos décadas logra madurez y consolida líneas de investigación expresadas en casi 1700 publicaciones. También obtiene notoria visibilidad internacional y fue seleccionado como referencia regional para la vigilancia epidemiológica de influenza, estreptococo y salmonela. Su evolución se produjo con ritmo de innovación que iría disminuyendo para el final de ese periodo. Enfrentó limitaciones para renovar líneas de trabajo, investigadores y equipo de laboratorio, sin embargo, su papel en las decisiones de la salud pública del país siguió siendo central.


Abstract The period that starts in 1940 is crucial for the creation of Mexico’s modern health system. The Institute of Sanitary and Tropical Diseases is the pioneer institution in health research and on its first two decades it achieved maturity and consolidated lines of research expressed in almost 1700 publications. It also obtained notorious international visibility and was selected as a regional reference for epidemiological surveillance of influenza, streptococcus and salmonella. Its evolution took place with an innovation rhythm that would be decreasing by the end of this period. It faced limitations to renew lines of research, researchers and laboratory equipment. However, its role in public health decisions of the country remained central.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Research/history , Public Health/history , Delivery of Health Care/history , Academies and Institutes/history , Epidemiological Monitoring , Mexico
5.
Gac Med Mex ; 155(3): 322-327, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31219477

ABSTRACT

Lázaro Cárdenas government vision, and the process to create the Sanitary and Tropical Diseases Institute, which is considered strategic for public health, were consistent with the actions that were carried out: the Department of Public Sanitary asked the most relevant scientist of those days, Eliseo Ramírez, to design and follow-up the Institute's project. A commission of the Higher Education and Scientific Research Council reviewed and approved the project and conferred this institution its nature of research center with social and humanistic vocation since its foundation. Sanitary and Tropical Diseases Institute became the first post-revolutionary health institution that was born with well-remunerated job positions to conduct full-time research in Mexico, offering clinical services, teaching and supporting disease prevention and control campaigns. It was with no doubt a milestone in Mexican public health and crystalized the expectations of several generations of physicians and health researchers about having a high-level institution. It is the most significant public health institution of the country, with a new phase as Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference. Without it, Mexican modern public health cannot be understood.


La visión del gobierno cardenista y el proceso para crear el Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales, considerado estratégico para la salud pública, fueron congruentes con las acciones llevadas a cabo: el Departamento de Salubridad Pública encargó al científico más relevante de la época, Eliseo Ramírez, el diseño y seguimiento del Instituto, que una comisión del Consejo Nacional de Educación Superior y la Investigación Científica revisó, aprobó y desde su inicio le confirió el carácter de investigación con vocación social y humanística. El Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales se convirtió en el primer organismo posrevolucionario que nació con plazas bien remuneradas para realizar investigación de tiempo completo en México, ofreciendo servicio clínico y enseñanza y apoyando las campañas sanitarias en la prevención y control de las enfermedades. Sin duda fue un parteaguas en la salud pública mexicana y cristalizó las expectativas de varias generaciones de médicos e investigadores en salud para tener una institución de alto nivel. Es la más significativa institución de salud pública del país, con una nueva etapa como Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos; sin ella no se entiende la moderna salud pública de México.


Subject(s)
Academies and Institutes/history , Public Health , Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , Biomedical Research/history , Delivery of Health Care/history , History, 20th Century , Humans , Mexico
6.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 155(3): 322-327, may.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286509

ABSTRACT

Resumen La visión del gobierno cardenista y el proceso para crear el Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales, considerado estratégico para la salud pública, fueron congruentes con las acciones llevadas a cabo: el Departamento de Salubridad Pública encargó al científico más relevante de la época, Eliseo Ramírez, el diseño y seguimiento del Instituto, que una comisión del Consejo Nacional de Educación Superior y la Investigación Científica revisó, aprobó y desde su inicio le confirió el carácter de investigación con vocación social y humanística. El Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales se convirtió en el primer organismo posrevolucionario que nació con plazas bien remuneradas para realizar investigación de tiempo completo en México, ofreciendo servicio clínico y enseñanza y apoyando las campañas sanitarias en la prevención y control de las enfermedades. Sin duda fue un parteaguas en la salud pública mexicana y cristalizó las expectativas de varias generaciones de médicos e investigadores en salud para tener una institución de alto nivel. Es la más significativa institución de salud pública del país, con una nueva etapa como Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos; sin ella no se entiende la moderna salud pública de México.


Abstract Lázaro Cárdenas government vision, and the process to create the Sanitary and Tropical Diseases Institute, which is considered strategic for public health, were consistent with the actions that were carried out: the Department of Public Sanitary asked the most relevant scientist of those days, Eliseo Ramírez, to design and follow-up the Institute's project. A commission of the Higher Education and Scientific Research Council reviewed and approved the project and conferred this institution its nature of research center with social and humanistic vocation since its foundation. Sanitary and Tropical Diseases Institute became the first post-revolutionary health institution that was born with well-remunerated job positions to conduct full-time research in Mexico, offering clinical services, teaching and supporting disease prevention and control campaigns. It was with no doubt a milestone in Mexican public health and crystalized the expectations of several generations of physicians and health researchers about having a high-level institution. It is the most significant public health institution of the country, with a new phase as Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference. Without it, Mexican modern public health cannot be understood.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Public Health , Academies and Institutes/history , Delivery of Health Care/history , Biomedical Research/history , Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , Mexico
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