Prevalence of electrocardiographic alterations in athletes associated with cardiovascular risk parameters / Prevalencia de alteraciones electrocardiográficas en deportistas asociadas a parametros de riesgo cardiovascular

Sport induces cardiac adaptations that are manifested with specific electrocardiographic alterations. This study was carried out in view of the need to identify the relationship between these electrocardiographic alterations with cardiovascular and demographic variables and physical exercise performed. Methodology: a descriptive cross-sectional study in 370 individuals, 211 men and 159 women (36 ± 13 years) that were distributed in three groups: male athletes, female athletes, and non-athlete men and women. Results: 51.08% of the studied subjects presented electrographic alterations, more frequent in athletes. Demographic and cardiovascular variables and the time of physical exercise performed were significantly associated with certain electrocardiographic alterations; the risk of presenting any of the alterations in athletes could be estimated based on the variables set out. Conclusion: There are associations between specific electrocardiographic alterations and cardiovascular, demographic and type of exercise variables that could classify athletes according to cardiovascular risk profiles (AU)

El deporte induce adaptaciones cardiacasque se manifiestan con alteraciones electrocardiográficas.Este estudio se realizóante la necesidad de identificar la relación existente entre estas alteraciones electrocardiográficas con variablescardiovasculares, demográficas y tiempo de ejerciciofísico. Metodología: estudio descriptivotrasversal en 370 individuos, 211 hombres y 159 mujeres (36 ±13 años)que se distribuyeron en tres grupos, hombres deportistas, mujeresdeportistas, yhombres y mujeres no deportistas.Resultados:El 51,08% de los sujetos estudiados presentaron alteraciones electrográficas, siendo más frecuentes en deportistas.Determinadas alteraciones electrocardiográficasen deportistas; se asociaron significativamente a las variables planteadaspudiendo estimar el riesgo de presentar alguna de las alteraciones electrocardiográficas en función de estas variables. Conclusión:Existen asociaciones entrealteraciones electrocardiográficas y variables cardiovasculares, demográficas y tiempo de ejercicio realizado que podrían clasificar a los deportistas según perfiles de riesgo cardiovascular (AU)

Growth Mechanism and Properties of Self-Assembled InN Nanocolumns on Al Covered Si(111) Substrates by PA-MBE.

Self-assembled InN nanocolumns were grown at low temperatures by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy with a high crystalline quality. The self-assembling procedure was carried out on AlN/Al layers on Si(111) substrates avoiding the masking process. The Al interlayer on the Si(111) substrate prevented the formation of amorphous SiN. We found that the growth mechanism at 400 ∘ C of InN nanocolumns started by a layer-layer (2D) nucleation, followed by the growth of 3D islands. This growth mechanism promoted the nanocolumn formation without strain. The nanocolumnar growth proceeded with cylindrical and conical shapes with heights between 250 and 380 nm. Detailed high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the InN nanocolumns have a hexagonal crystalline structure, free of dislocation and other defects. The analysis of the phonon modes also allowed us to identify the hexagonal structure of the nanocolumns. In addition, the photoluminescence spectrum showed an energy transition of 0.72 eV at 20 K for the InN nanocolumns, confirmed by photoreflectance spectroscopy.

Estresores laborales del personal de enfermería de un hospital de alta especialidad en México / Workplace stressors of nursing staff at a hospital in high specialty in Mexico

Introducción: el profesional de enfermería seexpone diariamente con situaciones que pueden sergeneradoras de estrés como lo es la confrontacióncon la muerte, el sufrimiento de las personas, la cargade trabajo y los posibles conflictos con el personalinterdisciplinario. La presente investigación se realizóen el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y NeurocirugíaManuel Velasco Suárez ubicado al sur de la Ciudadde México el cual brinda atención de tercer nivel.Objetivo: identificar el nivel de estrés y los estresoreslaborales a los que están expuestos los enfermeros.Metodología: se realizó un estudio transversal ydescriptivo, la muestra fueron 50 enfermeros adscritosa los servicios de hospitalización los cuales contestaronun instrumento autoaplicacble conformado por 32preguntas cerradas en escala de Lickert.Resultados: el 52% de los enfermeros tiene un nivelde estrés moderado, el 46% tiene un nivel de estrésbajo frente al 2% que tiene un nivel de estrés alto. Lostres agentes estresores con medias más altas fueron enprimer lugar realizar procedimientos dolorosos para elpaciente (X = 1.88), en segundo lugar mirar sufrir a unpaciente y terminar adolorido después de una jornadade trabajo (X = 1.82), el tercer lugar lo ocupa la falta depersonal adecuado para cubrir la unidad (X = 1.7).Conclusiones: en este estudio se logró identificarlos agentes estresores laborales más comunes asícomo el nivel de estrés al que está expuesto el personalde enfermería de las áreas de hospitalización, el cuales producto de las situaciones que viven a diario pararealizar sus intervenciones a favor del paciente esto loexpone a tener un nivel de estrés moderado, lo cualpodría perjudicar su salud, pudiendo provocar unadisminución en el desempeño sobre la calidad de lastareas que se realizan.

Camouflage therapy workshop for pediatric dermatology patients: a review of 6 cases.

Certain skin conditions, such as vitiligo, acne, vascular malformations, and surgical scars, can impair the quality of life of pediatric patients, especially adolescents-even to the point of hindering psychosocial development. We review the cases of 6 patients with discoloration or scarring, predominantly of the face, who attended our cosmetic camouflage workshops from January through December 2012. The quality-of-life impact of their skin disorder was assessed before and after workshop attendance. Cosmetic camouflage is an easily replicated, cheap, and noninvasive adjunctive treatment of great potential value in managing skin conditions that impair the physical and emotional well-being of pediatric patients.

Cannabinoid receptors and cholecystokinin in feeding inhibition.

The endocannabinoid system functions as a potent regulator of feeding behavior and energy balance through complex central and peripheral mechanisms. Recent findings have demonstrated the existence of cooperation between peripheral cannabinoid CB1 receptors and the satiety hormone cholecystokinin (CCK). The two systems have opposing actions in the modulation of feeding: while endocannabinoids such as anandamide promote feeding, CCK controls gastrointestinal motility and appetite suppression. In this review, we examine the individual contribution of endocannabinoids and CCK in the modulation of appetite and explore the interaction between the two systems. We also highlight the potential benefits of simultaneously targeting peripheral CB1 and CCK1 receptors to design new therapies to fight obesity.

Effects of in situ annealing of GaAs(100) substrates on the subsequent growth of InAs quantum dots by molecular beam epitaxy.

In the present work, we study the growth by molecular beam epitaxy of InAs self-assembling quantum dots (SAQDs) on GaAs(100) substrates subjected to an in situ annealing treatment. The annealing process consists of the exposition of the GaAs buffer layer surface to high temperatures for a few seconds with the shutter of an arsenic Knudsen cell closed. The purpose of the annealing is to obtain a better uniformity of the SAQD sizes. In our study we prepared different samples using the Stranski-Krastanov growth method to obtain InAs/GaAs(100) quantum dot samples with different annealing times and temperatures. Their structural and optical properties were studied by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and photoreflectance spectroscopy (PR). According to the results of AFM and HRSEM, by the thermal treatment we obtained a better distribution of quantum dot sizes in comparison with a reference sample with no treatment. The PR spectra from 0.9 to 1.35 eV presented two transitions associated with SAQDs. The energy transitions were obtained by fitting the PR spectra using the third derivative model.

Manejo del expulsivo en mujeres con analgesia epidural: pujos demorados frente a pujos inmediatos / Management of women with epidural anaesthesia in the expulsion stage: delayed pushing vs immediate pushing

Objetivo: el objetivo de la siguiente revisión bibliográfica es analizarlas ventajas e inconvenientes de la estrategia de retrasar el iniciode los pujos activos, una vez se llega al expulsivo en mujerescon analgesia epidural.Metodología: se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica en las basesde datos CINAHL y Medline.Resultados: la analgesia epidural es un método muy eficaz paraaliviar el dolor en el parto, pero su uso se relaciona con un aumentoen la incidencia de parto instrumental. Con el fin de disminuirestos efectos, se han propuesto diferentes alternativas, como sonel uso de oxitocina durante el expulsivo, disminuir la concentraciónde analgesia epidural y retrasar el momento de la ejecución de lospujos activos. Esta última estrategia tiene como fin favorecer eldescenso y la rotación fetal y ha generado diversos estudios conresultados contradictorios en algunos casos.Dentro de los beneficios encontrados con esta técnica, estaríanuna disminución de los partos difíciles, como los fórceps con rotación,disminución del número de deceleraciones en el expulsivo ydisminución de la fatiga materna.En lo que respecta a los inconvenientes, algunos serían el aumentodel riesgo de PH fetal alterado, con índice de morbilidad neonatalnormal y el aumento del riesgo de fiebre materna.Conclusión: hay resultados contradictorios en lo que respecta alas ventajas e inconvenientes de la estrategia de retrasar la ejecuciónde los pujos activos. En caso de utilizar esta técnica parece necesarioque haya una vigilancia materna y fetal adecuada

Objective: the objective of this literature review is to analyse theadvantages and disadvantages of a strategy to delay the start ofactive pushing once women with epidural anaesthesia havereached the expulsion stage.Methodology: a literature review has been carried out from theCINAHL and Medline databases.Results: epidural analgesia is a very effective way to alleviate painin labor, but its employment has been related to a higher incidenceof forceps-assisted delivery. With the aim of decreasing theseeffects, several different alternatives have been proposed, such asthe use of oxytocin during the expulsion stage, decreased concentrationof epidural anaesthesia and delayed start of active pushing.This last strategy aims at favouring the descend and rotation of thefoetus and has generated several studies with contradictory resultsin some casesAs part of the benefits offered by this technique, we could highlighta decrease in the number of difficult deliveries, such as forcepswith rotation, decreased number of decelerations in theexpulsion stage, and decreased maternal tiredness.As regards the disadvantages, some would be an increased risk ofaltered foetal pH, with a normal index of neonatal morbidity, andincreased risk of maternal fever.Conclusion: there are contradictory results with regard to theadvantages and disadvantages of the strategy to delay the start ofacting pushing. Should this strategy be used it would seem appropriateto have adequate monitoring of the mother and foetus

Control evolutivo con PET-FDG cerebral de pinealoblastoma metastásico / Brain PET-FDG evolutive control of a metastatic pinealoblastoma

No disponible

[Early detection with FDG-PET of colonic tumors in patients with another known tumor]. / Detección temprana con PET-FDG de tumores inesperados de colon en pacientes con otra patología tumoral conocida.

Patients with known tumors can have other tumors in unexpected places, the so-called synchronic or second primary cancers. In these patients, whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to study known tumors can identify other tumors that would escape notice if only the sites of known tumors were investigated. We present 3 patients in whom whole-body FDG-PET was requested to study known tumors: 2 lung cancers and one melanoma. FDG-PET localized the known lesions and revealed hypermetabolic uptake in the abdomen in all 3 patients. Endoscopic polypectomy and pathologic analysis were performed, revealing 2 colon cancers and a tubular adenoma with a high degree of focal atypia. Whole body FDG-PET is a highly useful technique in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, which in turn allows complete cure of patients with this disease.

Detección temprana con PET-FDG de tumores inesperados de colon en pacientes con otra patología tumoral conocida / Early detection with FDG-PET of colonic tumors in patients with another known tumor

Los pacientes con tumoraciones conocidas pueden presentar otras tumoraciones en localizaciones no esperadas, los llamados cánceres sincrónicos o segundos primarios. En tales pacientes la realización de una tomografía por emisión de positrones con fluorodesoxiglucosa (PET-FDG) de cuerpo completo para el estudio de tumoraciones conocidas nos permitirá la localización de otras tumoraciones que pasarían inadvertidas si únicamente se empleasen procedimientos diagnósticos enfocados a la zona de estudio de la enfermedad conocida. Exponemos 3 casos en los que se solicitó una PET-FDG de cuerpo completo para el estudio de tumores conocidos, 2 cánceres de pulmón y un melanoma. Estas lesiones fueron verificadas a la vez que se localizaron sendos focos de hipermetabolismo anómalo de la FDG en abdomen. Tras una posterior polipectomía por endoscopia y un estudio anatomopatológico, se concluyó que correspondían a 2 cánceres de colon y uno a adenoma tubular con atipia focal de alto grado. La PET-FDG de cuerpo completo se muestra como una técnica de imagen de gran importancia en el diagnóstico temprano del cáncer colorrectal. Al ser detectada la enfermedad en un estadio temprano, permitirá un tratamiento rápido y efectivo que logrará curaciones completas de estas patologías

Patients with known tumors can have other tumors in unexpected places, the so-called synchronic or second primary cancers. In these patients, whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to study known tumors can identify other tumors that would escape notice if only the sites of known tumors were investigated. We present 3 patients in whom whole-body FDG-PET was requested to study known tumors: 2 lung cancers and one melanoma. FDG-PET localized the known lesions and revealed hypermetabolic uptake in the abdomen in all 3 patients. Endoscopic polypectomy and pathologic analysis were performed, revealing 2 colon cancers and a tubular adenoma with a high degree of focal atypia. Whole body FDG-PET is a highly useful technique in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, which in turn allows complete cure of patients with this disease

[The value of isotopic ventriculography in the prognosis and follow-up of patients undergoing dynamic myocardioplasty]. / Valor de la ventriculografía isotópica en el pronóstico y seguimiento de los pacientes sometidos a miocardioplastia dinámica.

Dynamic cardiomyoplasty was performed in twenty patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The electrical stimulation was produced by a double chambered pacemaker. Patients were studied by nuclear ventriculography one week before surgery, in the immediate postoperative phase and 8 or 12 months later. Five patients died (four of them were operative deaths). In this group the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower than in survivors (22 +/- 8% vs 28 +/- 4%; p less than 0.001). The end-diastolic volume and the mitral regurgitation index were greater (200 +/- 76 ml/m2 vs 153 +/- 34 ml/m2; p less than 0.001 and 2.12 +/- 0.75 vs 1.68 +/- 0.54; p less than 0.001, respectively). The immediate effect of cardiomyoplasty was the significative reduction in the contractility. However, at 8 or 12 months of follow-up, the LVEF increased in the 72% of the survivors. The end-diastolic volume and the regurgitation index decreased significantly. The clinical status improved in the 81% of the survivors. The best results were obtained in those patients in which a pulse train stimulation was employed in the training phase. Nevertheless, the changes in LVEF are not consistent with the improvement in the clinical status. The improve in the cardiac performance should be also due to the reduction in the left ventricular diameters and in the mitral functional regurgitation.