ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Agave fructans against the Salmonella Typhimurium in "in vitro" experiments. The result of the antimicrobial activity was 263.89 ± 0, 414.95 ± 12.83, 494.54 ± 13.88, 522.29 ± 0, 580.41 ± 14.92 AU for 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of Agave fructans (AF) respectively. In addition, there is a significant effect on the growth of the bacteria with all the percentages of AF evaluated (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.859) with respect to the control. The growth rate of Salmonella with 25% AF was statistically significant compared to the control (-0.7353 ± 0.586, 0.0079 ± 0.002 D.O./h, respectively; p > 0.01). Agave fructans could be an alternative to prevent the infections caused by Salmonella.
Subject(s)
Agave/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Salmonella typhimurium/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Humans , Salmonella Infections/drug therapy , Salmonella Infections/prevention & control , Salmonella typhimurium/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Obesity is a chronic disease associated with different metabolic diseases as well as alterations in immune cell function. It is characterized by a chronic systemic low grade inflammation. There are several studies demonstrating the influence of obesity on the impaired immune response to infection. However, it is not completely clear whether the obese environment influences the development or maintenance of the immune response against infections. The aim of this study was to determine how obesity induced by a high-fat diet affects the immune response to an early oral Salmonella infection. Four groups of mice were kept in separate cages. Two of these designated as controls, fed with a normal diet; whereas other two groups were fed with a high fat diet for 10 weeks. Some mice were used for Salmonella oral infection. After 7 days of oral infection with S. Thypimurium the proportions of spleen cell subsets expressing activation markers in normal diet and HFD obese mice were stained with monoclonal antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. Also, mRNA levels of different cytokines were quantified by RT-PCR. It was found that obesity affects the function of the immune system against an early oral Salmonella infection, decreasing NK cells, altering the expression of activation molecules as well as cytokines mRNA levels. Interestingly, the expression some activation molecules on T lymphocytes was reestablished after Salmonella infection, but not the CD25 expression. Immune alterations could lead to immunosuppression or increased susceptibility to infections in HFD obese mice.
Subject(s)
Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects , Immunity , Mice, Obese/immunology , Mouth Diseases/microbiology , Obesity/immunology , Salmonella Infections/immunology , Salmonella typhimurium/pathogenicity , Animals , Bacterial Load , Body Weight , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , Cytokines/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Immunosuppression Therapy , Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism , Killer Cells, Natural , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Salmonella typhimurium/immunology , Spleen/immunology , T-LymphocytesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Adipose tissue is an important estrogen resource and they are involved in breast cancer development. OBJECTIVE: To establish the relationship between adiposity percentage and the estrogen and progesterone receptors immunoreactive score in Mexican women with breast cancer. METHODS: This is a transversal and analytical study. We identified breast cancer women with cancer histologic diagnosis. We calculated: adiposity percentage and immunoreactive score. We performed correlation analysis between adiposity percentage, body mass index, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension, with estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer samples. We perform logistic regression and Odds Ratio estimations. RESULTS: We studied 43 patients with breast cancer and we observed association between adiposity percentage and estrogen and progesterone immnunoreactive score (rP 0.470; p 0.003 and rP 0.328; p 0.042, respectively). The most important risk factor in breast cancer positive to estrogen receptors was obesity (OR 19.1, IC95% 2.1 a 169.1, p 0.008), and previous obesity in breast cancer positive to progesterone receptors (OR 20.7, IC95% 2.3 a 185.9, p 0.007). DISCUSSION: Adiposity percentage is an important risk factor to develop breast cancer positive to hormone receptors related with the risk of breast cancer positive to hormonal receptors (AU)
Introducción: El tejido adiposo es una importante fuente de estrógenos, los cuales se encuentran implicados en el desarrollo de cáncer de mama. Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre el porcentaje de adiposidad y el índice de inmunorreactividad de los receptores a estrógenos y a progesterona en mujeres mexicanas con cáncer de mama. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico en pacientes con cáncer de mama confirmado con estudio histopatológico. Se estimó el % de adiposidad, y el índice de inmunorreactividad. Se realizó el análisis de correlación entre el porcentaje de adiposidad, el IMC, la presencia de DM2 e hipertensión arterial con la expresión de receptores a estrógeno y progesterona y regresión logística con cálculo de Odds Ratio. Resultados: Se estudiaron 43 pacientes con cáncer de mama y se observó asociación entre el porcentaje de adiposidad y el índice de inmunoreactividad para los RE y RP (rP 0,470; p 0,003 y rP 0,328; p 0,042 respectivamente). El factor de riesgo más importante en cáncer positivo a receptores estrogénicos fue la obesidad (OR 19,1, IC 95% 2,1 a 169,1, p 0,008) y obesidad previa en cáncer positivo a receptores a progesterona (OR 20,7, IC 95% 2,3 a 185,9, p 0,007). Conclusión: El porcentaje de adiposidad es un factor de riesgo importante para desarrollar cáncer de mama positivo a receptores hormonales (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adiposity/physiology , Breast Neoplasms/complications , Receptors, Estrogen/immunology , Obesity/complications , Risk Factors , Receptors, Progesterone/immunologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Adipose tissue is an important estrogen resource and they are involved in breast cancer development. OBJECTIVE: To establish the relationship between adiposity percentage and the estrogen and progesterone receptors immunoreactive score in Mexican women with breast cancer. METHODS: This is a transversal and analytical study. We identified breast cancer women with cancer histologic diagnosis. We calculated: adiposity percentage and immunoreactive score. We performed correlation analysis between adiposity percentage, body mass index, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension, with estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer samples. We perform logistic regression and Odds Ratio estimations. RESULTS: We studied 43 patients with breast cancer and we observed association between adiposity percentage and estrogen and progesterone immnunoreactive score (rP 0.470; p 0.003 and rP 0.328; p 0.042, respectively). The most important risk factor in breast cancer positive to estrogen receptors was obesity (OR 19.1, IC95% 2.1 a 169.1, p 0.008), and previous obesity in breast cancer positive to progesterone receptors (OR 20.7, IC95% 2.3 a 185.9, p 0.007). DISCUSSION: Adiposity percentage is an important risk factor to develop breast cancer positive to hormone receptors related with the risk of breast cancer positive to hormonal receptors.
Introducción: El tejido adiposo es una importante fuente de estrógenos, los cuales se encuentran implicados en el desarrollo de cáncer de mama. Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre el porcentaje de adiposidad y el índice de inmunorreactividad de los receptores a estrógenos y a progesterona en mujeres mexicanas con cáncer de mama. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico en pacientes con cáncer de mama confirmado con estudio histopatológico. Se estimó el % de adiposidad, y el índice de inmunorreactividad. Se realizó el análisis de correlación entre el porcentaje de adiposidad, el IMC, la presencia de DM2 e hipertensión arterial con la expresión de receptores a estrógeno y progesterona y regresión logística con cálculo de Odds Ratio. Resultados: Se estudiaron 43 pacientes con cáncer de mama y se observó asociación entre el porcentaje de adiposidad y el índice de inmunoreactividad para los RE y RP (rP 0,470; p 0,003 y rP 0,328; p 0,042 respectivamente). El factor de riesgo más importante en cáncer positivo a receptores estrogénicos fue la obesidad (OR 19,1, IC 95% 2,1 a 169,1, p 0,008) y obesidad previa en cáncer positivo a receptores a progesterona (OR 20,7, IC 95% 2,3 a 185,9, p 0,007). Conclusión: El porcentaje de adiposidad es un factor de riesgo importante para desarrollar cáncer de mama positivo a receptores hormonales.
