ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The incidence of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer in Puerto Rican men is higher than it is in the men of any other ethnic/racial group in the United States of America (US). The information regarding the effect of the human papilloma virus (HPV) in the gene-expression profile among patients with this cancer is limited in Hispanic community. We aim to describe the methodology for future studies to identify the molecular networks for determining overrepresented signaling and metabolic canonical pathways, based on the differential gene-expression profiles of HPV+ and HPV- samples from patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in Puerto Rico. METHODS: We analyzed the RNA expression of 5 tissue samples from subjects diagnosed with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, 2 HPV+ and 3 HPV-, using Affymetrix GeneChips. The relative difference between the average gene expressions of the HPV+ and HPV- samples was assessed, based on the fold change (log2-scale). RESULTS: Our analysis revealed 10 up regulated molecules (Mup1, LRP1, P14KA, ALYREF, and BHMT) and 5 down regulated ones (PSME4, KEAP1, ELK3, FAM186B, and PRELID1), at a cutoff of 1.5-fold change. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed the following biological functions to be affected in the HPV+ samples: cancer, hematological disease, and RNA post-transcriptional modification. QRT-PCR analysis confirmed only the differential regulation of ALYREF, KEAP1, and FAM186B genes. CONCLUSION: The relevant methodological procedures described are sufficient to detect the most significant biological functions and pathways according to the HPV status in patients with oropharyngeal cancer in Puerto Rico.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/genetics , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Female , Gene Expression Profiling , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Hispanic or Latino , Humans , Male , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Puerto Rico , RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and NeckABSTRACT
En este estudio se exploran las percepciones en torno al SIDA de un grupo de niños y niñas matriculados en el segundo grado de una escuela pública del area metropolitana de San Juan. Este estudio demostró que la mayoría de los alumnos establece un vínculo directo entre el uso de las droagas y el SIDA. Un grupo considereble de estudiantes posee una visión estereotipada en torno a las personas con el HIV (Virus de la inmunodefiencia Humana), o con el SIDA, lo que puede reflejar la fuerte influencia de ciertos factores psicosociales sobre la percepción. Además, los participantes relacionan esta condición con sentimientos de tristeza, arrepentimiento y rechazo, entre otros. Estos resultados demuestran que aún necesitan elaborarse esfuerzos educativos que amplíen la discusión en torno a los medios de transmisión y prevensión para el VIH/SIDA. Además, necesitan diseñarse programas educativos para el nivel primario, que ayuden a erradicar el discrimen, a través del desarrollo y fortalecimiento de valores humanos tales com la solidariedad, el respeto y la comprensión.
