ABSTRACT
Out of 105 patients infected with Giardia, 38 patients have Genotype I (36.19%), 13 have Genotype II (12.38%), 10 have Genotype III (9.52%), 16 have mixed Genotype infection (15.24%) and 28 with undetermined Giardia infection by PCR (26.67%). None of the control group gave positive results for Giardia in stool by PCR. So, the sensitivity of the test for detection and identification of Giardia Genotypes from the original stool samples was 73.33% and specificity was 100%. Out of 61 cases in the symptomatic group, the prevalence of Giardia Genotype I was 32.79%, Genotype II was 16.39%, Genotype III was 9.84%, mixed Genotype infection was 16.39% and undetermined Genotype was 24.59% as compared to 40.91%, 6.82%, 9.09%, 13.64% & 29.55% in the asymptomatic group respectively. There is statistically insignificant difference between both groups as regarding the prevalence of the different Giardia Genotypes. (P < or = 0.05). The use of PCR as a routine work for diagnosis of giardiasis is not accepted at least in the developing and under-developing countries due to its high cost, the high quality of technical staff and advanced laboratory equipments required for PCR performance. Its application is usually limited to research activities, the detection of water sources contamination and for the detection of a potential source of Giardia infection in epidemics.
Subject(s)
Giardia lamblia/classification , Giardia lamblia/genetics , Giardiasis/diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , DNA, Protozoan/analysis , DNA, Protozoan/chemistry , Egypt , Feces/parasitology , Female , Genotype , Giardia lamblia/isolation & purification , Giardiasis/parasitology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Sensitivity and Specificity , Triose-Phosphate Isomerase/geneticsABSTRACT
Stool examination using modified Kato thick smear method was performed to detect Fasciola eggs and other parasites. Forty-five patients were proved to have Fasciola infection by passing eggs in their stool samples. Pallor was the major presenting symptom (95.5%) followed by abdominal pain (93.3%) and fever (15.5%). Hepatomegaly was recorded in 86.6% of patients compared to 33.3% with splenomegaly. Abdominal, ultrasonography revealed hepatomegaly in 38 cases (84.4%) and common bile duct dilatation in 35 patients (77.7%). Moreover, 4 cases showed Olympic game rings which are diagnostic. All of patients had positive IgG4 levels, 40 cases were found positives for specific total IgG and 42 cases for IgG1, whereas, only 30 cases had positive IgG2 levels (66.6%). Dot-ELISA showed that IgG2 and IgG4 giving the highest specificity (>99%), followed by IgG1 (90%) and the least specific test was obtained with detection of IgG (85%). From the present work, it was concluded that detection of anti-Fasciola isotypes especially IgG4 is very specific for accurate diagnosis of fascioliasis.
Subject(s)
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Fasciola/immunology , Fascioliasis/diagnosis , Immunoglobulin G/analysis , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Child , Fasciola/isolation & purification , Fascioliasis/immunology , Feces/parasitology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
In the present study, sera were examined using Fasciola-IHA, F-ELISA and Schistosoma-IHA. The sero-positive schistosomal patients were subjected to rectal snip, while the sero-positive fascioliasis ones were examined radiologically by plain chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasonography. Both F-IHA and F-ELISA gave 100% sensitivity. The specificity of both testes were 90.4% and 100% respectively. With the S-IHA, the parasitologically proven schistosomal mansoni patients gave 95% positivity, while the proven fascioliasis patients gave false positive (8%) with this S-IHA. The radiological findings of the fascioliasis patients confirmed ectopic pleuro-pulmonary infection in five patients. Ascitis was detected in one patient, the pleural effusion and ascitic fluids showed high eosinophils. However, Fasciola eggs were detected in three patients only. Two patients showed hepatic nodules, and another two had hepatic cystic lesions. Three patients had immature Fasciola worms in gall bladder. For diagnosis of human fascioliasis, serological and radiological means should be done side by side with the stool examination. This is particularly true in chronic cases and in schistosomiasis mansoni endemic areas.
Subject(s)
Fascioliasis/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , False Positive Reactions , Fasciola/immunology , Fasciola/isolation & purification , Feces/parasitology , Female , Hemagglutination Tests , Humans , Male , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL.) is known to cause single, self-healing and uncomplicated lesion mainly on the face. This paper presents a son and his mother with positive leishmaniasis IHAT (1/128 and 1/1924 respectively). The two isolates by enzymatic electrophoresis characterization proved to be Leishmania tropica that causes ACL. The son had two large ulcerative ACL on his left hand. The mother had a large ulceration and progressive erosion of the soft tissue (the right cheek and right eye) and the cartilage of the nose disfiguring and debilitating her face. The histpathological examination of the biopsy material obtained from the mother but not the material from her son, showed typical pathological picture of the basal cell carcinoma. No doubt, there are progressive changes in the pathogenesis of L. tropica and that it is one of the predisposing factor of the skin cell carcinoma.
