ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The assessment of the IVC diameter is self explanatory for evaluation of the individuals' volume status. Studies regarding IVC diameter estimation in normal individuals are scarce. AIM: The present study aimed to define normal criteria of size and dynamics of the inferior vena cava (IVC) by M-mode echocardiography in normal individuals. METHODS: This was a prospective, single-center, observational study carried out at Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research between December 2011 and April 2014. A total of 4126 consecutive individuals were enrolled. Normal IVC diameter was measured both during inspiration and expiration by M-mode echocardiography in subcostal view. RESULTS: The IVC diameter varied from 0.46 to 2.26cm in the study individuals. The IVC diameter ranged from 0.97 to 2.26cm during expiration and from 0.46 to 1.54cm during inspiration. A strong correlation was observed between IVC diameter and height, weight and BMI of the individuals, calculated using Pearson correlation. The correlation coefficients for expiratory and inspiratory IVC diameters as a function of BMI were 0.686 and 0.7, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings corroborate the correlations between height, weight and BMI with IVC diameter. Future studies could be focused to bring about a steadfast formula for calculating IVC diameter based on demographic parameters of an individual.
Subject(s)
Echocardiography/methods , Vena Cava, Inferior/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Body Mass Index , Female , Humans , India , Male , Organ Size , Prospective Studies , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
Breakage of angioplasty device in coronary artery can cause panic in the catheterization laboratory. These broken fragments may serve as a nidus for thrombus formation; hence, removal of these fragments becomes mandatory. Since the incidence of guidewire fracture during angioplasty are rarely reported, evidence-based approaches are not available for the management of such incidental conditions. Here, we report an interesting case of entrapment and unravelling of guidewire. We successfully retrieved unravelled guidewire using a noncompliant balloon inflated in the guiding catheter. Subsequently, the procedure was completed successfully with an implantation of a stent in the culprit lesion. We are of opinion that this novel technique is quite easy and less cumbersome than other described techniques reported earlier.
ABSTRACT
There is a considerable debate regarding the role of genetic and the environmental factors in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Since twin pairs are exposed to similar prenatal and postnatal environmental factors, a particular role of genetic vs. environmental factors can be evaluated by investigating the twins. We report a case of a dizygotic twin-pair who presented with simultaneous development of coronary insufficiency, and underwent coronary angiography and stent implantation on the same day. There were striking similarities and differences in certain characteristics between the presenting twins. We believe that the occurrence of CAD might be predetermined genetically, while the location of CAD lesion and its severity might be subjected to the modification of environmental factors among dizygotic twins. Considering the high risk of CAD-related fatal events in monozygotic and dizygotic twins, we recommend aggressive medical surveillance for a twin individual, whose co-twin has reported a cardiac event.
