ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the expression of S100A7 levels in saliva of oral sub-mucous fibrosis, oral leukoplakia patients, and healthy control. Materials and Methods: The study comprised of saliva samples from 15 patients each with clinically diagnosed oral sub-mucous fibrosis, oral leukoplakia, and healthy control. Salivary S100A7 levels were estimated using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. The significance level is fixed at 5% (α = 0.05). To compare the mean values of concentration between the disease group oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and control, one-way analysis of variance was used followed by a post hoc test for multiple pairwise comparisons. Results: The results of the study indicated a statistically significant increase in the salivary S100A7 level among the OSMF and OL when compared with the control group. When a pairwise comparison was done between OSMF with a control group and leukoplakia with a control group, a statistically significant difference was observed, subsequently while comparing OSMF with leukoplakia, and no statistically significant difference was observed. Conclusion: Results from this study demonstrated increased S100A7 levels in OSMF and OL when compared with control group. This indicated that salivary S100A7 can be used as an adjunctive marker to identify patients at risk of progression into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Oral cancer is the sixth-most common cancer globally. The survival rate of oral cancer is 5 years, depending on the stage it is diagnosed. To diagnose in the early stage, specialised tumour markers may assist and also help in improving the survival rate of oral cancer. ErbB2 is a transmembrane cell surface receptor required in signal transduction and an essential part of signalling pathways that take part in controlling the basic cellular processes like cell cycle, migration, metabolism and survival, besides cellular proliferation and differentiation. It is over-expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and is directly proportional to the poor prognosis, as it is expressed at a very low concentration in a healthy individual. Due to this, ErbB2 could be used as a diagnostic marker in OSCC. Nowadays, the search for tumour expression in the saliva with the use of salivary biomarkers could aid in the diagnosis of the OSSC. Aim and Objectives: To assess the expression of ErbB2 in the saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma by correlating the ErbB2 level in the disease group with the healthy group. To determine the diagnostic significance of ErbB2 in OSCC. Materials and Methods: The study comprises 20 salivary samples from OSCC patients and 20 salivary samples from healthy individuals. The salivary level of ErbB2 was estimated using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. To analyse the data, SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Released 2019) is used. The significance level is fixed at 5% (α = 0.05). P value <0.05 is considered to be statistically significant. To compare the mean values of mean and concentration, an unpaired/independent sample t-test was used. Results: The mean age of OSCC and control were found to be 57 ± 8.13 and 26.6 ± 1.51, respectively. The mean age was compared between OSCC and control by the Chi-square test, and the P value was <0.01, which was found to be statistically significant. The salivary levels of ErbB2 in the OSCC and control groups were measured by an unpaired sample t-test. The mean salivary ErbB2 level in the OSCC group is 3.20 ng/ml ± 0.57, and in the control group, it is 2.43 ng/ml ± 0.13. When a pairwise comparison of ErbB2 concentration was performed between OSCC and control, it showed a statistically significant difference with a P value of 0.007, which is P < 0.05. Conclusion: The present study has demonstrated an increased salivary expression of ErbB2 in OSCC patients when compared to healthy individuals. This suggests that ErbB2 could aid in the diagnosis of OSCC and could be used as a diagnostic marker in the early detection of oral cancer, a finding that has to be further established with a larger sample size.
ABSTRACT
Dentin dysplasia is a rare, hereditary disorder affecting the dental hard tissue. It is a congenital, autosomal dominant disease of unknown etiology that affects 1:100,000 populations. It may present as such affecting only the dental hard tissue or as one of the symptoms of underlying diseases such as calcinosis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, rhematoid arthitis, Vitaminosis D and Branchioskeletogenital syndrome. This was first described by Ballschmiede as rootless teeth in 1920 and termed as dentin dysplasia by Rushton in the year 1939. It is classified into Type I, II and III, in which Type III affects only the secondary dentition. This article reports a rare case of Type I dentin dysplasia in a 26-year-old male patient, and focus on clinical, radiological, ground section and histopathological aspects. It emphasizes the significance of early diagnosis and intervention for the psychological well-being of the individual.
