ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Alendronate (ALN) inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption and triggers osteostimulative properties both in vivo and in vitro, as shown by increase in matrix formation. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of 1% ALN gel as local drug delivery (LDD) in adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) for the treatment of chronic periodontitis among smokers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 75 intrabony defects were treated in 46 male smokers either with 1% ALN gel or placebo gel. ALN gel was prepared by adding ALN into carbopol-distilled water mixture. Clinical parameters [modified sulcus bleeding index, plaque index, probing depth (PD), and periodontal attachment level (PAL)] were recorded at baseline, at 2 months, and at 6 months, while radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline and at 6 months. Defect fill at baseline and at 6 months was calculated on standardized radiographs by using the image analysis software. RESULTS: Mean PD reduction and mean PAL gain were found to be greater in the ALN group than in the placebo group, both at 2 and 6 months. Furthermore, a significantly greater mean percentage of bone fill was found in the ALN group (41.05±11.40%) compared to the placebo group (2.5±0.93%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed 1% ALN stimulated a significant increase in PD reduction, PAL gain, and an improved bone fill compared to placebo gel in chronic periodontitis among smokers. Thus, 1% ALN, along with SRP, is effective in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in smokers.
Subject(s)
Alendronate/administration & dosage , Bone Density Conservation Agents/administration & dosage , Chronic Periodontitis/etiology , Chronic Periodontitis/therapy , Dental Scaling/methods , Smoking/adverse effects , Adult , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Chronic Periodontitis/diagnostic imaging , Chronic Periodontitis/physiopathology , Dental Plaque Index , Drug Delivery Systems , Gels , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Osteoclasts/drug effects , Periodontal Attachment Loss , Periodontal Index , Radiography , Reproducibility of Results , Smoking/physiopathology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Abstract Objective Alendronate (ALN) inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption and triggers osteostimulative properties both in vivo and in vitro, as shown by increase in matrix formation. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of 1% ALN gel as local drug delivery (LDD) in adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) for the treatment of chronic periodontitis among smokers. Material and Methods 75 intrabony defects were treated in 46 male smokers either with 1% ALN gel or placebo gel. ALN gel was prepared by adding ALN into carbopol-distilled water mixture. Clinical parameters [modified sulcus bleeding index, plaque index, probing depth (PD), and periodontal attachment level (PAL)] were recorded at baseline, at 2 months, and at 6 months, while radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline and at 6 months. Defect fill at baseline and at 6 months was calculated on standardized radiographs by using the image analysis software. Results Mean PD reduction and mean PAL gain were found to be greater in the ALN group than in the placebo group, both at 2 and 6 months. Furthermore, a significantly greater mean percentage of bone fill was found in the ALN group (41.05±11.40%) compared to the placebo group (2.5±0.93%). Conclusions The results of this study showed 1% ALN stimulated a significant increase in PD reduction, PAL gain, and an improved bone fill compared to placebo gel in chronic periodontitis among smokers. Thus, 1% ALN, along with SRP, is effective in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in smokers.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Smoking/adverse effects , Dental Scaling/methods , Alendronate/administration & dosage , Bone Density Conservation Agents/administration & dosage , Chronic Periodontitis/etiology , Chronic Periodontitis/therapy , Osteoclasts/drug effects , Time Factors , Radiography , Smoking/physiopathology , Periodontal Index , Dental Plaque Index , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Drug Delivery Systems , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Periodontal Attachment Loss , Statistics, Nonparametric , Chronic Periodontitis/physiopathology , Chronic Periodontitis/diagnostic imaging , GelsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to find out whether blood spot Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAs) levels can be used as Skeletal Maturity Indicators (SMI) by correlating them to hand-wrist maturation stages. METHODS: The cross sectional study population consisted of 107 subjects (62 females and 45 males) 5-25 years old. Hand-wrist radiographs were obtained, and the subjects were divided into 5 groups based on the hand-wrist skeletal maturity stages. A blood spot sample was collected and immunoassayed for DHEAs. Analysis of variance was used to compare the mean DHEAs levels corresponding to the hand-wrist maturation stages. Pearson's correlations were performed to determine the DHEAs trends relating to the various hand-wrist maturation stages. RESULTS: DHEAs levels increased continuously from the prepubertal stage to the acceleration, high growth velocity/peak, deceleration, and postpubertal stages (r=0.17), but the total increase was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.08). CONCLUSION: The blood spot DHEAs level cannot be used as an SMI in individuals. Nevertheless, it can be used in conjunction with hand wrist radiographs to predict and validate the skeletal maturation. The role of DHEAs in the termination of growth and residual growth may be a subject for further research.
