ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of mental fatigue (MF) on the psychophysiological responses, kinematic profiles, and technical performance of young soccer players in small-sided games (SSGs). Twenty-four young soccer players (age: 15.9 ± 1.0 years) played 2vs2, 3vs3, and 4vs4 SSGs consisting of four bouts (with two-minute passive rest periods between bouts) under two different playing conditions: MF+SSGs and SSGs. The heart rate, total distance covered, and technical performance of each player were monitored during all SSGs, and the rating of perceived exertion, visual analogue scale, and Rating Scale Mental Effort values were determined after each bout. The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) and Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) were also determined at the end of each SSG. The results demonstrated that all MF+SSGs induced higher psychophysiological responses (p ≤ 0.05) than SSGs, except regarding the PACES responses. By contrast, the SSGs group covered a greater total distance (p ≤ 0.05) than the MF+SSGs group. During SSGs, the players' technical performances (in terms of lost balls and unsuccessful passes) were negatively affected after MF (p ≤ 0.05). The results of this study indicate that both PACES scores and mood responses were negatively affected after the MF intervention. Coaches could use the MF intervention before SSGs to improve soccer-specific technical and decision-making performances in young soccer players.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of imagery use by the professional football players in Turkey on their self-confidence levels. The study group comprised of 423 professional football players from 24 football clubs from different leagues in 2016-2017 season, Turkey. As data collection tools, in addition to the personal information form, "Sports Imagery Questionnaire" developed by Hall et al. (1998), adapted to Turkish by Vurgun (2010) and "Self-Confidence Scale" developed by Akın (2007) were used. Results showed a positive correlation between internal and external self-confidence and all sub-scales of imagery in the professional football players. Moreover, the cognitive general imagery, cognitive specific imagery, and motivational specific imagery predicted 21.4% of the internal self-confidence. Similarly, the cognitive general imagery and motivational specific imagery predicted 17.7% of external self-confidence for the professional football players. Finally, it was determined that the professional football players' self-confidence levels will increase as the level of imagery use increases
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto del uso de imágenes por parte de los futbolistas profesionales en Turquía en sus niveles de confianza en sí mismos. El grupo de estudio estaba compuesto por 423 jugadores profesionales de fútbol de 24 clubes de fútbol de diferentes ligas en la temporada 2016-2017, Turquía. Como herramientas de recopilación de datos, además del formulario de información personal, el "Cuestionario de imágenes deportivas" desarrollado por Hall et al. (1998), adaptado al turco por Vurgun (2010) y "Escala de autoconfianza" desarrollada por Akın (2007). Los resultados mostraron una correlación positiva entre la autoconfianza interna y externa y todas las subescalas de imágenes en los jugadores profesionales de fútbol. Además, las imágenes cognitivas generales, las imágenes cognitivas específicas y las imágenes motivacionales específicas predijeron el 21.4% de la confianza interna. Del mismo modo, las imágenes cognitivas generales y las imágenes específicas de motivación predijeron el 17.7% de la autoconfianza externa para los jugadores profesionales de fútbol. Finalmente, se determinó que los niveles de autoconfianza de los jugadores de fútbol profesional aumentarán a medida que aumente el nivel de uso de imágenes
O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito do uso de imagens pelos jogadores profissionais de futebol da Turquia em seus níveis de autoconfiança. O grupo de estudo foi composto por 423 jogadores profissionais de futebol de 24 clubes de futebol de diferentes ligas na temporada 2016-2017, na Turquia. Como ferramentas de coleta de dados, além do formulário de informações pessoais, o "Sports Imagery Questionnaire", desenvolvido por Hall et al. (1998), adaptado ao turco por Vurgun (2010) e a "escala de autoconfiança" desenvolvida por Akın (2007). Os resultados mostraram uma correlação positiva entre autoconfiança interna e externa e todas as subescalas de imagens dos jogadores profissionais de futebol. Além disso, as imagens cognitivas gerais, imagens cognitivas específicas e imagens motivacionais específicas previam 21,4% da autoconfiança interna. Da mesma forma, as imagens cognitivas gerais e imagens motivacionais específicas previam 17,7% de autoconfiança externa para os jogadores profissionais de futebol. Por fim, foi determinado que os níveis de autoconfiança dos jogadores profissionais de futebol aumentarão à medida que o nível de uso de imagens aumentar
