The Use of the Data-to-Action Framework in the Evaluation of CDC's DELTA FOCUS Program.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Domestic Violence Prevention Enhancements and Leadership Through Alliances, Focusing on Outcomes for Communities United with States (DELTA FOCUS) program is a 5-year cooperative agreement (2013-2018) funding 10 state domestic violence coalitions and local coordinated community response teams to engage in primary prevention of intimate partner violence. Grantees' prevention strategies were often developmental and emergent; therefore, CDC's approach to program oversight, administration, and support to grantees required a flexible approach. CDC staff adopted a Data-to-Action Framework for the DELTA FOCUS program evaluation that supported a culture of learning to meet dynamic and unexpected information needs. Briefly, a Data-to-Action Framework involves the collection and use of information in real time for program improvement. Utilizing this framework, the DELTA FOCUS data-to-action process yielded important insights into CDC's ongoing technical assistance, improved program accountability by providing useful materials, and information for internal agency leadership, and helped build a learning community among grantees. CDC and other funders, as decision makers, can promote program improvements that are data-informed by incorporating internal processes supportive of ongoing data collection and review.

CDC's DELTA FOCUS Program: Identifying Promising Primary Prevention Strategies for Intimate Partner Violence.

According to 2011 data, nearly one in four women and one in seven men in the United States experience severe physical violence by an intimate partner, creating a public health burden requiring population-level solutions. To prevent intimate partner violence (IPV) before it occurs, the CDC developed Domestic Violence Prevention Enhancements and Leadership Through Alliances, Focusing on Outcomes for Communities United with States to identify promising community- and societal-level prevention strategies to prevent IPV. The program funds 10 state domestic violence coalitions for 5 years to implement and evaluate programs and policies to prevent IPV by influencing the environments and conditions in which people live, work, and play. The program evaluation goals are to promote IPV prevention by identifying promising prevention strategies and describing those strategies using case studies, thereby creating a foundation for building practice-based evidence with a health equity approach.

Government chief nursing officers: a study of the key issues they face and the knowledge and skills required by their roles.

The first Government Chief Nursing Officer (CNO) position was created in New Zealand over a century ago. Over the ensuing decades, the roles of these national nurse leaders have evolved and become a focal point for global nursing and midwifery development. Despite the important actual and potential roles of CNOs, very little work has been done to systematically study the key issues that they face and the skill sets needed to address them. Now, in the face of global cost-driven health reform, the position of CNO is even more important than ever. This paper describes the only global systematic study of CNOs conducted since the beginning of health reform and lays a substantive foundation for the development of these key leaders and their positions. In addition, the research reported provides important groundwork for future studies and enhancement of the global literature relating to national nursing and midwifery leadership.