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1.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 28(1): 151-156, Jan.-Mar. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042494

ABSTRACT

Abstract Occurrence of infection or exposure to Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis and Rickettsia spp. was detected in feral cats living in two fragments from Atlantic rainforest, in Natal, RN, Brazil, and in dogs living around the parks. While serum samples were collected from 155 animals (53 cats living in the parks; 29 dogs living in human homes around the parks; and 73 dogs living at an animal control center - ACC), spleen samples were collected from 20 dogs that were euthanized at ACC. Serum samples were analyzed to Rickettsia spp. and E. canis antibodies using the indirect immunofluorescence assay. Seventeen of the 102 dogs (17%) had E. canis antibodies and 13% (20/155) of all dogs and cats (i.e. 3% (3/102) of the dogs and 32% (17/53) of the cats) were seropositive for Rickettsia spp. antigens. The animals were therefore been exposed to R. amblyommatis or by a very closely related genotype. Among the 20 dog spleen samples analyzed, eight were PCR positive for E. canis and two for H. canis (GenBank accession number MG772657 and MG772658, respectively). In none of the spleen samples were obtained amplicons for Babesia spp. through PCR. This study provided the first evidence that Rickettsia of the spotted fever group is circulating among dogs and cats in Natal.


Resumo A ocorrência de infecção ou exposição para Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis e Rickettsia spp. foi determinada em gatos ferais que viviam em dois fragmentos da Mata Atlântica, localizados em Natal, RN, Brasil e em cães que viviam em torno dos parques e em outras regiões da cidade. Enquanto amostras de soro foram coletadas de 155 animais (53 gatos que viviam nos parques, 29 cães com domicilio em torno dos parques e 73 cães do Centro de Controle de Animais -CCA), fragmentos de baço foram coletados de 20 cães eutanasiados no CCA. A detecção de anticorpos nas amostras de soros coletadas contra Rickettsia spp. e E. canis foi realizada pela Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta. Dezessete dos 102 cães (17%) apresentaram anticorpos anti E. canis e 13% (20/155) de todos os cães e gatos (ou seja, 3% (3/102) dos cães e 32% (17/53) dos gatos) foram soropositivos para antígenos de Rickettsia spp. Os animais foram considerados expostos à R. amblyommatis ou a um genótipo muito relacionado. Entre as 20 amostras de baço de cães analisadas, oito foram positivas para E. canis e duas para Hepatozoon canis (números de acesso ao Genbank MG772657 e MG772658, respectivamente). Nenhuma das amostras de baço produziram amplicons de Babesia spp. na PCR. Observou-se, pela primeira vez, a circulação de Rickettsia do grupo da febre maculosa em cães e gatos em Natal, RN.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Dogs , Rickettsia Infections/veterinary , Cat Diseases/epidemiology , Ehrlichiosis/veterinary , Coccidiosis/veterinary , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Rickettsia/immunology , Rickettsia Infections/diagnosis , Rickettsia Infections/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cat Diseases/diagnosis , Cat Diseases/microbiology , Cat Diseases/parasitology , Forests , Eucoccidiida/immunology , Ehrlichiosis/diagnosis , Ehrlichiosis/epidemiology , Coccidiosis/diagnosis , Coccidiosis/epidemiology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Ehrlichia canis/immunology , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/microbiology , Dog Diseases/parasitology
2.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet ; 28(1): 151-156, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30462820

ABSTRACT

Occurrence of infection or exposure to Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis and Rickettsia spp. was detected in feral cats living in two fragments from Atlantic rainforest, in Natal, RN, Brazil, and in dogs living around the parks. While serum samples were collected from 155 animals (53 cats living in the parks; 29 dogs living in human homes around the parks; and 73 dogs living at an animal control center - ACC), spleen samples were collected from 20 dogs that were euthanized at ACC. Serum samples were analyzed to Rickettsia spp. and E. canis antibodies using the indirect immunofluorescence assay. Seventeen of the 102 dogs (17%) had E. canis antibodies and 13% (20/155) of all dogs and cats (i.e. 3% (3/102) of the dogs and 32% (17/53) of the cats) were seropositive for Rickettsia spp. antigens. The animals were therefore been exposed to R. amblyommatis or by a very closely related genotype. Among the 20 dog spleen samples analyzed, eight were PCR positive for E. canis and two for H. canis (GenBank accession number MG772657 and MG772658, respectively). In none of the spleen samples were obtained amplicons for Babesia spp. through PCR. This study provided the first evidence that Rickettsia of the spotted fever group is circulating among dogs and cats in Natal.


Subject(s)
Cat Diseases/epidemiology , Coccidiosis/veterinary , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Ehrlichiosis/veterinary , Rickettsia Infections/veterinary , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Cat Diseases/diagnosis , Cat Diseases/microbiology , Cat Diseases/parasitology , Cats , Coccidiosis/diagnosis , Coccidiosis/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/microbiology , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Dogs , Ehrlichia canis/immunology , Ehrlichiosis/diagnosis , Ehrlichiosis/epidemiology , Eucoccidiida/immunology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Forests , Rickettsia/immunology , Rickettsia Infections/diagnosis , Rickettsia Infections/epidemiology
3.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1487720

ABSTRACT

Abstract Occurrence of infection or exposure to Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis and Rickettsia spp. was detected in feral cats living in two fragments from Atlantic rainforest, in Natal, RN, Brazil, and in dogs living around the parks. While serum samples were collected from 155 animals (53 cats living in the parks; 29 dogs living in human homes around the parks; and 73 dogs living at an animal control center - ACC), spleen samples were collected from 20 dogs that were euthanized at ACC. Serum samples were analyzed to Rickettsia spp. and E. canis antibodies using the indirect immunofluorescence assay. Seventeen of the 102 dogs (17%) had E. canis antibodies and 13% (20/155) of all dogs and cats (i.e. 3% (3/102) of the dogs and 32% (17/53) of the cats) were seropositive for Rickettsia spp. antigens. The animals were therefore been exposed to R. amblyommatis or by a very closely related genotype. Among the 20 dog spleen samples analyzed, eight were PCR positive for E. canis and two for H. canis (GenBank accession number MG772657 and MG772658, respectively). In none of the spleen samples were obtained amplicons for Babesia spp. through PCR. This study provided the first evidence that Rickettsia of the spotted fever group is circulating among dogs and cats in Natal.


Resumo A ocorrência de infecção ou exposição para Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis e Rickettsia spp. foi determinada em gatos ferais que viviam em dois fragmentos da Mata Atlântica, localizados em Natal, RN, Brasil e em cães que viviam em torno dos parques e em outras regiões da cidade. Enquanto amostras de soro foram coletadas de 155 animais (53 gatos que viviam nos parques, 29 cães com domicilio em torno dos parques e 73 cães do Centro de Controle de Animais -CCA), fragmentos de baço foram coletados de 20 cães eutanasiados no CCA. A detecção de anticorpos nas amostras de soros coletadas contra Rickettsia spp. e E. canis foi realizada pela Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta. Dezessete dos 102 cães (17%) apresentaram anticorpos anti E. canis e 13% (20/155) de todos os cães e gatos (ou seja, 3% (3/102) dos cães e 32% (17/53) dos gatos) foram soropositivos para antígenos de Rickettsia spp. Os animais foram considerados expostos à R. amblyommatis ou a um genótipo muito relacionado. Entre as 20 amostras de baço de cães analisadas, oito foram positivas para E. canis e duas para Hepatozoon canis (números de acesso ao Genbank MG772657 e MG772658, respectivamente). Nenhuma das amostras de baço produziram amplicons de Babesia spp. na PCR. Observou-se, pela primeira vez, a circulação de Rickettsia do grupo da febre maculosa em cães e gatos em Natal, RN.

4.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis ; 7(5): 730-733, 2016 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26972686

ABSTRACT

ORNITHODOROS BRASILIENSIS: Aragão is an endemic tick restricted to the highlands of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This species is very aggressive toward humans, causing fever, great pain and intense inflammatory response at the bite site. It is also very aggressive toward dogs, and tick toxicosis syndrome has been reported in this host. In order to elucidate the biology of this tick, the present study describes its life cycle under laboratory conditions, using guinea pigs as hosts for two generations. In the nonparasitic phase, the ticks were maintained in sand, in an incubator under controlled conditions. The larvae molted to the nymphal stage without feeding, and five nymphal stages (N1, N2, N3, N4 and N5) were observed in both generations. In both generations emergence of adults started from N3 when sex ratio was 0.85:1 (23 males and 27 females) in F1 and 0.63:1 (34 males and 54 females) in F2. For both generations, N4 generated more females, while N5 only produced females. The pre-ecdysis period of the nymphs ranged from 31.1 to 38.6 days. Two gonotrophic cycles were observed, and the first one presented a higher average number of eggs deposited (N=139) than the second (N=73.8). The mean duration of the life cycle (egg to egg) of O. brasiliensis was 215.4 days for the first generation and 195 days for the second.


Subject(s)
Life Cycle Stages , Ornithodoros/physiology , Animals , Brazil , Female , Guinea Pigs , Laboratories , Larva/physiology , Male , Time Factors
5.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis ; 15(12): 765-74, 2015 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26684524

ABSTRACT

Environment influences the composition, distribution, and behavior of the vectors and mammalian hosts involved in the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), affecting the epidemiology of the disease. In Brazil, the urbanization process and canine cases of VL are indicators for local health authorities. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of the canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in Maranhão State, Brazil. Blood samples collected from 960 dogs from six municipalities and six different ecosystems (Baixada Maranhense, Mangue, Mata dos Cocais, Amazônia, Cerrado, and Restinga) to serological tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], indirect fluorescence antibody test [IFAT], and chromatographic immunoassay methods [Dual Path Platform technology, DPP(®)]) and parasitological diagnosis. From serological tests, 11.14% (107) of the dogs were positive for CVL, with 59.16% (568), 14.5% (148), and 131% (126) positives to ELISA, DPP, and IFAT tests, respectively. Only seven animals (0.73%) were positive in a parasitological test. We also performed parasite isolation and phylogenetic characterization. All isolates of dogs obtained from Maranhão were grouped in a single branch with Leishmania infantum chagasi from Brazil. The ecosystem Amazonia presented the highest positivity rates to CVL in serological and parasitological tests. Brazilian biomes/ecosystems suffer large degradation and may favor, depending on climatic conditions, the installation of new diseases. In the case of VL, dogs are reservoirs of parasites and sentinels for human infection.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Leishmania infantum/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Animals , Base Sequence , Brazil/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Dogs , Ecosystem , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Female , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/veterinary , Geography , Humans , Leishmania infantum/genetics , Leishmania infantum/isolation & purification , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology , Male , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Risk Factors , Sequence Analysis, DNA/veterinary , Zoonoses
6.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis ; 15(11): 656-66, 2015 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26501369

ABSTRACT

Trypanosoma and Leishmania are obligate parasites that cause important diseases in human and domestic animals. Wild mammals are the natural reservoirs of these parasites, which are transmitted by hematophagous arthropods. The present study aimed to detect the natural occurrence of trypanosomatids through serological diagnosis, PCR of whole blood and blood culture (hemoculture), and phylogenetic relationships using small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA), cytochrome b, and glycosomal glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) genes. Samples from 131 wild animals, including rodents, marsupials, and bats, were sampled in six areas in the state of Maranhão, in a transition zone of semiarid climates northeast of the equatorial humid Amazon. Serological analysis for Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi was performed in opossums by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), and all animals were serologically negative. Nine positive hemocultures (6.77%) were isolated and cryopreserved and from mammals of the Didelphimorphia and Chiroptera orders and positioned in phylogenies on the basis of sequences from different genes with reference strains of Trypanosoma cruzi marinkellei and T. cruzi. From primary samples (blood and tissues) only one bat, Pteronotus parnellii, was positive to SSU rDNA and gGAPDH genes and grouped with the L. infantum chagasi branch. The studies conducted in Maranhão State provide knowledge of parasite diversity. It is important to determine the presence of trypanosomatids in wild mammals with synanthropic habits.


Subject(s)
Chagas Disease/veterinary , Leishmania infantum/isolation & purification , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Mammals/parasitology , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification , Animals , Animals, Wild , Brazil/epidemiology , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Cytochromes b/genetics , DNA, Protozoan/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Disease Reservoirs/veterinary , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/veterinary , Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases/genetics , Leishmania infantum/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Phylogeny , Protozoan Proteins/genetics , Protozoan Proteins/metabolism , Trypanosoma cruzi/genetics
7.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet ; 23(4): 501-8, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25517529

ABSTRACT

Toxoplasmosis stands out as a global disease that has felines as definitive hosts. In the municipality of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, two parks are notable for their ecological and social importance. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in short hair cats, bats and small non-volant mammals in these two ecological reserves. Altogether, biological samples were obtained from 154 mammals, 92 wild animals from both areas and 62 domestic cats of the Parque da Cidade. In total, 22 (53.7%) non-volant wild mammals, 11 (21.5%) bats and 28 (52.8%) cats were positive for IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies using the Modified Agglutination Test (≥ 25). It was possible to detect the presence of T. gondii DNA, by means of a molecular amplification of a B1 gene fragment (155bp), in 92 tissue samples from wild animals, including Didelphis albiventris, Monodelphis domestica, Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata and Glossophaga soricina. Of the 62 cats examined by the same molecular method, T. gondii DNA could be detected in 4 cats. In this study, it was observed the circulation of T. gondii in wild species and domestic cats, demonstrating the involvement of wild and domestic animals in the cycle of T. gondii.


Subject(s)
Animals, Domestic/parasitology , Animals, Wild/parasitology , Toxoplasma/isolation & purification , Animals , Brazil , Cats/parasitology , Female , Forests , Male
8.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 23(4): 501-508, Oct-Dec/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-731259

ABSTRACT

Toxoplasmosis stands out as a global disease that has felines as definitive hosts. In the municipality of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, two parks are notable for their ecological and social importance. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in short hair cats, bats and small non-volant mammals in these two ecological reserves. Altogether, biological samples were obtained from 154 mammals, 92 wild animals from both areas and 62 domestic cats of the Parque da Cidade. In total, 22 (53.7%) non-volant wild mammals, 11 (21.5%) bats and 28 (52.8%) cats were positive for IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies using the Modified Agglutination Test (≥ 25). It was possible to detect the presence of T. gondii DNA, by means of a molecular amplification of a B1 gene fragment (155bp), in 92 tissue samples from wild animals, including Didelphis albiventris, Monodelphis domestica, Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata and Glossophaga soricina. Of the 62 cats examined by the same molecular method, T. gondii DNA could be detected in 4 cats. In this study, it was observed the circulation of T. gondii in wild species and domestic cats, demonstrating the involvement of wild and domestic animals in the cycle of T. gondii.


Toxoplasmose destaca-se como uma doença global que tem felinos como hospedeiros definitivos. No município de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, dois parques são notáveis por sua importância ecológica e social. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a presença de Toxoplasma gondii em gatos de rua, morcegos e pequenos mamíferos não-voadores nestas duas reservas ecológicas. No total, as amostras biológicas foram obtidas de 154 mamíferos, 92 animais selvagens de ambas as áreas e 62 gatos domésticos do Parque da Cidade. No total, 22 (53,7%) mamíferos silvestres não-voadores, 11 (21,5%) morcegos e 28 (52,8%) gatos foram positivos para IgG anti-T. gondii utilizando o Teste de Aglutinação Modificado (≥ 25). Foi possível detectar a presença de DNA de T. gondii, por meio de uma amplificação molecular de um fragmento do gene B1 (155bp), em 92 amostras de tecido de animais selvagens, incluindo Didelphis albiventris, Monodelphis domestica, Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata e Glossophaga soricina. Dos 62 gatos examinadas pelo mesmo método molecular, DNA de T. gondii pode ser detectado em quatro gatos. Neste estudo, observou-se a circulação de T. gondii em espécies selvagens e gatos domésticos, demonstrando o envolvimento de animais domésticos e selvagens no ciclo de T. gondii.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage , Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Floxuridine/administration & dosage , Lymphatic Metastasis , Liver Neoplasms/secondary , Administration, Oral , Colonic Neoplasms/pathology , Colonic Neoplasms/surgery , Drug Administration Schedule , Hepatectomy
9.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 22(4): 443-456, Oct.-Dec. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-697999

ABSTRACT

Many argasid tick species are known only through their larval descriptions, in which the chaetotaxy, together with other external morphological characteristics, has been used to separate genera and species. However, the illustrations of these features are based on optical microscopy alone and many of these features are not clearly defined. Because of the difficulties in determining the larval and nymph stages of some genera, we have prepared illustrated keys for the immature stages of argasids, including an up-to-date list of the known species of the Neotropical region. We have also included an illustrated key for larvae of the Ornithodoros species from Brazil, based on scanning electron microscopy.


Muitos carrapatos argasídeos são conhecidos somente por descrições larvais, nas quais a quetotaxia associada a outros caracteres morfológicos tem sido usada para separar gêneros e espécies. No entanto, as ilustrações sobre esses caracteres são baseadas somente em microscopia óptica e muitos deles não estão claramente definidos. Devido às dificuldades em determinar estágios larvais e ninfais de alguns gêneros, elaboramos chaves ilustradas para os estágios imaturos de argasídeos, incluindo uma lista atualizada de espécies conhecidas da região Neotropical. Incluímos também uma chave ilustrada para larvas das espécies de Ornithodoros do Brasil baseada em microscopia eletrônica de varredura.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Argasidae/anatomy & histology , Argasidae/classification , Argasidae/growth & development , Brazil , Larva , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
10.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet ; 22(4): 443-56, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24473867

ABSTRACT

Many argasid tick species are known only through their larval descriptions, in which the chaetotaxy, together with other external morphological characteristics, has been used to separate genera and species. However, the illustrations of these features are based on optical microscopy alone and many of these features are not clearly defined. Because of the difficulties in determining the larval and nymph stages of some genera, we have prepared illustrated keys for the immature stages of argasids, including an up-to-date list of the known species of the Neotropical region. We have also included an illustrated key for larvae of the Ornithodoros species from Brazil, based on scanning electron microscopy.


Subject(s)
Argasidae/anatomy & histology , Argasidae/classification , Animals , Argasidae/growth & development , Brazil , Female , Larva , Male , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
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