Experimental optical encryption with full complex modulation.

We present, to our knowledge, a novel method to achieve experimental encryption using double random phase encoding with full complex modulation and a single phase-only spatial light modulator. Our approach uses double phase encoding to generate phase-only holograms containing complex-valued input planes for a joint transform correlator (JTC) cryptosystem. This approach enables users to independently manipulate both the phase and amplitude of the cryptographic keys and objects, thereby significantly enhancing the versatility of the optical cryptosystem. We validate the capabilities of our proposed scheme by generating optimized random phase masks and using them to experimentally encrypt various grayscale and binary objects. The experimental complex modulation obtained with the system detailed in this work, in conjunction with optimized random phase masks, results in an enhancement in the quality of the decrypted objects during reconstruction. Both numerical simulations and experimental findings corroborate the effectiveness of our proposal.

Deep learning denoising diffusion probabilistic model applied to holographic data synthesis.

In this Letter, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, a holographic data synthesis based on a deep learning probabilistic diffusion model (DDPM). Several different datasets of color images corresponding to different types of objects are converted to complex-valued holographic data through backpropagation. Then, we train a DDPM using the resulting holographic datasets. The diffusion model is composed of a noise scheduler, which gradually adds Gaussian noise to each hologram in the dataset, and a U-Net convolutional neural network that is trained to reverse this process. Once the U-Net is trained, any number of holograms with similar features as those of the datasets can be generated just by inputting a Gaussian random noise to the model. We demonstrate the synthesis of holograms containing color images of 2D characters, vehicles, and 3D scenes with different characters at different propagation distances.

Water content, transition temperature and fragility influence protection and anhydrobiotic capacity.

Water is essential for metabolism and all life processes. Despite this, many organisms distributed across the kingdoms of life survive near-complete desiccation or anhydrobiosis. Increased intracellular viscosity, leading to the formation of a vitrified state is necessary, but not sufficient, for survival while dry. What properties of a vitrified system make it desiccation-tolerant or -sensitive are unknown. We have analyzed 18 different in vitro vitrified systems, composed of one of three protective disaccharides (trehalose, sucrose, or maltose) and glycerol, quantifying their enzyme-protective capacity and their material properties in a dry state. Protection conferred by mixtures containing maltose correlates strongly with increased water content, increased glass-transition temperature, and reduced glass former fragility, while the protection of glasses formed with sucrose correlates with increased glass transition temperature and the protection conferred by trehalose glasses correlates with reduced glass former fragility. Thus, in vitro different vitrified sugars confer protection through distinct material properties. Next, we examined the material properties of a dry desiccation tolerant and intolerant life stage from three different organisms. The dried desiccation tolerant life stage of all organisms had an increased glass transition temperature and reduced glass former fragility relative to its dried desiccation intolerant life stage. These results suggest in nature organismal desiccation tolerance relies on a combination of various material properties. This study advances our understanding of how protective and non-protective glasses differ in terms of material properties that promote anhydrobiosis. This knowledge presents avenues to develop novel stabilization technologies for pharmaceuticals that currently rely on the cold-chain. Statement of significance: For the past three decades the anhydrobiosis field has lived with a paradox, while vitrification is necessary for survival in the dry state, it is not sufficient. Understanding what property(s) distinguishes a desiccation tolerant from an intolerant vitrified system and how anhydrobiotic organisms survive drying is one of the enduring mysteries of organismal physiology. Here we show in vitro the enzyme-protective capacity of different vitrifying sugars can be correlated with distinct material properties. However, in vivo, diverse desiccation tolerant organisms appear to combine these material properties to promote their survival in a dry state.

Water content, transition temperature and fragility influence protection and anhydrobiotic capacity.

Water is essential for metabolism and all life processes. Despite this, many organisms distributed across the kingdoms of life survive near-complete desiccation or anhydrobiosis (Greek for "life without water"). Increased intracellular viscosity, leading to the formation of a vitrified state is necessary, but not sufficient, for survival while dry. What properties of a vitrified system make it desiccation-tolerant or -sensitive are unknown. We have analyzed 18 different in vitro vitrified systems, composed of one of three protective disaccharides (trehalose, sucrose, or maltose) and varying amounts of glycerol, quantifying their enzyme-protective capacity and their material properties in a dry state. We find that protection conferred by mixtures containing maltose correlates strongly with increased water content, increased glass-transition temperature, and reduced glass former fragility, while the protection of glasses formed with sucrose correlates with increased glass transition temperature and the protection conferred by trehalose glasses correlates with reduced glass former fragility. Thus, in vitro different vitrified sugars confer protection through distinct material properties. Extending on this, we have examined the material properties of a dry desiccation tolerant and intolerant life stage from three different organisms. In all cases, the dried desiccation tolerant life stage of an organism had an increased glass transition temperature relative to its dried desiccation intolerant life stage, and this trend is also seen in all three organisms when considering reduced glass former fragility. These results suggest that while drying of different protective sugars in vitro results in vitrified systems with distinct material properties that correlate with their enzyme-protective capacity, in nature organismal desiccation tolerance relies on a combination of these properties. This study advances our understanding of how protective and non-protective glasses differ in terms of material properties that promote anhydrobiosis. This knowledge presents avenues to develop novel stabilization technologies for pharmaceuticals that currently rely on the cold-chain.

Color multilayer holographic near-eye augmented reality display.

This study demonstrates a full-color near-eye holographic display capable of superimposing color virtual scenes with 2D, 3D, and multiple objects with extended depth upon a real scene, which also has the ability to present different 3D information depending on the focus of the user's eyes using a single computer-generated hologram per color channel. Our setup makes use of a hologram generation method based on two-step propagation and the singular value decomposition of the Fresnel transform impulse response function to efficiently generate the holograms of the target scene. Then, we test our proposal by implementing a holographic display that makes use of a phase-only spatial light modulator and time-division multiplexing for color reproduction. We demonstrate the superior quality and computation speed of this approach compared with other hologram generation techniques with both numerical and experimental results.

The tardigrade protein CAHS D interacts with, but does not retain, water in hydrated and desiccated systems.

Tardigrades are a group of microscopic animals renowned for their ability to survive near complete desiccation. A family of proteins, unique to tardigrades, called Cytoplasmic Abundant Heat Soluble (CAHS) proteins are necessary to mediate robust desiccation tolerance in these animals. However, the mechanism(s) by which CAHS proteins help to protect tardigrades during water-loss have not been fully elucidated. Here we use thermogravimetric analysis to empirically test the proposed hypothesis that tardigrade CAHS proteins, due to their propensity to form hydrogels, help to retain water during desiccation. We find that regardless of its gelled state, both in vitro and in vivo, a model CAHS protein (CAHS D) retains no more water than common proteins and control cells in the dry state. However, we find that while CAHS D proteins do not increase the total amount of water retained in a dry system, they interact with the small amount of water that does remain. Our study indicates that desiccation tolerance mediated by CAHS D cannot be simply ascribed to water retention and instead implicates its ability to interact more tightly with residual water as a possible mechanism underlying its protective capacity. These results advance our fundamental understanding of tardigrade desiccation tolerance which could provide potential avenues for new technologies to aid in the storage of dry shelf-stable pharmaceuticals and the generation of stress tolerant crops to ensure food security in the face of global climate change.

Diagnóstico de la Enfermedad de Chagas congénito: Aspectos relevantes

Introducción: El presente artículo describe aspectos relevantes entorno de la Enfermedad de Chagas congénita, tales como epidemiología, sintomatología, revisión de casos clínicos y las técnicas diagnósticas. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura por medio de bases de datos bibliográficas como PubMed, Science direct, Scopus, Plos One, SciELO, teniendo como criterio de inclusión las publicaciones artículos o comprendidos entre enero de 2013 y enero del año 2022 en idioma español e inglés. Resultados: Se determinó que la prevalencia de la Enfermedad de Chagas congénita aún es un problema de salud pública en áreas endémicas y no endémicas, siendo la serología materna indispensable para dar seguimiento oportuno a los casos. Conclusiones: Los seguimientos diagnósticos actuales difieren en los países endémicos y se están aplicando tamizajes en zonas no endémicas donde migran mujeres procedentes de áreas de trasmisión activa de la Enfermedad Chagásica.

Introduction: This article describes relevant aspects of congenital Chagas disease, such as epidemiology, symptoms, review of clinical cases, and diagnostic techniques. Methods: A review of the literature was carried out through bibliographic databases such as PubMed, Science direct, Scopus, Plos One, SciELO, having as inclusion criteria articles or publications between January 2013 and January 2022 in Spanish and English. Results: It was determined that the prevalence of congenital Chagas disease is still a public health problem in endemic and non-endemic areas, and maternal serology is essential for timely monitoring of cases. Conclusions: Current diagnostic follow-ups differ in endemic countries and screening is being applied in non-endemic areas where women from areas of active transmission of Chagasic disease migrate.

Objective method for visual performance prediction.

We propose, implement, and validate a new objective method for predicting the trends of visual acuity through-focus curves provided by specific optical elements. The proposed method utilized imaging of sinusoidal gratings provided by the optical elements and the definition of acuity. A custom-made monocular visual simulator equipped with active optics was used to implement the objective method and to validate it via subjective measurements. Visual acuity measurements were obtained monocularly from a set of six subjects with paralyzed accommodation for a naked eye and then that eye compensated by four multifocal optical elements. The objective methodology successfully predicts the trends of the visual acuity through-focus curve for all considered cases. The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.878 for all tested optical elements, which agrees with results obtained by similar works. The proposed method constitutes an easy and direct alternative technique for the objective testing of optical elements for ophthalmic and optometric applications, which can be implemented before invasive, demanding, or costly procedures on real subjects.

Natural and engineered mediators of desiccation tolerance stabilize Human Blood Clotting Factor VIII in a dry state.

Biologics, pharmaceuticals containing or derived from living organisms, such as vaccines, antibodies, stem cells, blood, and blood products are a cornerstone of modern medicine. However, nearly all biologics have a major deficiency: they are inherently unstable, requiring storage under constant cold conditions. The so-called 'cold-chain', while effective, represents a serious economic and logistical hurdle for deploying biologics in remote, underdeveloped, or austere settings where access to cold-chain infrastructure ranging from refrigerators and freezers to stable electricity is limited. To address this issue, we explore the possibility of using anhydrobiosis, the ability of organisms such as tardigrades to enter a reversible state of suspended animation brought on by extreme drying, as a jumping off point in the development of dry storage technology that would allow biologics to be kept in a desiccated state under not only ambient but elevated temperatures. Here we examine the ability of different protein and sugar-based mediators of anhydrobiosis derived from tardigrades and other anhydrobiotic organisms to stabilize Human Blood Clotting Factor VIII under repeated dehydration/rehydration cycles, thermal stress, and long-term dry storage conditions. We find that while both protein and sugar-based protectants can stabilize the biologic pharmaceutical Human Blood Clotting Factor VIII under all these conditions, protein-based mediators offer more accessible avenues for engineering and thus tuning of protective function. Using classic protein engineering approaches, we fine tune the biophysical properties of a protein-based mediator of anhydrobiosis derived from a tardigrade, CAHS D. Modulating the ability of CAHS D to form hydrogels make the protein better or worse at providing protection to Human Blood Clotting Factor VIII under different conditions. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of tardigrade CAHS proteins and other mediators of desiccation tolerance at preserving the function of a biologic without the need for the cold-chain. In addition, our study demonstrates that engineering approaches can tune natural products to serve specific protective functions, such as coping with desiccation cycling versus thermal stress. Ultimately, these findings provide a proof of principle that our reliance on the cold-chain to stabilize life-saving pharmaceuticals can be broken using natural and engineered mediators of desiccation tolerance.

Non-interferometric key recording applied to a joint transform cryptosystem.

In this Letter, we propose an opto-digital cryptosystem based on the joint transform correlator architecture without the need for a reference beam, phase-shifting techniques, or an additional window in the input plane. In this system, only two intensity recordings are necessary: the intensity of the key Fourier transform, and the joint power spectrum between the key and an arbitrary object in contact with a random phase mask. Combining them with the knowledge of their respective input modules, we implement a modified Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm to recover the phase associated with the encryption key. The validity of our approach is demonstrated by computer simulations and experimental results.

Improved phase hologram generation of multiple 3D objects.

We demonstrate the generation of phase holograms of multiple 3D objects at different axial positions without cross talk and significant improvements in performance over conventional methods. We first obtain the phase hologram of two 3D objects, each one comprising 50 layers, using the global Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm. Then, we discuss and demonstrate a propagation approach based on the singular value decomposition of the Fresnel impulse response function that enables fast computation of small distance propagations. Finally, we propose a new iterative hologram generation algorithm, to the best of our knowledge, that takes advantage of this propagation approach and use it to make the hologram of the same scene previously obtained with the global Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm. We perform numerical and experimental reconstructions to compare both methods, demonstrating that our proposal achieves 4 times faster computation, as well as improved reconstruction quality.

Alternative constraints for improved multiplane hologram generation.

In this work, we introduce a modified hologram plane constraint to improve the accuracy of the global Gerchberg-Saxton (GGS) algorithm used for multiplane phase-only hologram generation. This constraint consists of a modified phase factor that depends on the amplitude of the field in the hologram plane. We demonstrate that this constraint produces an increase in the mean correlation coefficient between the reconstructed planes from a multiplane hologram and the corresponding amplitude targets for each plane. Furthermore, this constraint can be applied together with a mixed constraint in the reconstruction planes, leading to a more uniform and controllable reproduction of a target intensity distribution. To confirm the validity of our proposal, we show numerical and experimental results for multiplane holograms with six discrete planes, using both high and low contrast targets. For the experimental results, we implement a holographic projection scheme based on a phase-only spatial light modulator.

The right ventricle of transplanted hearts at 2,640 meters above sea level. A latin-american experience. / El ventrículo derecho de los corazones trasplantados a 2,640 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Una experiencia latinoamericana

BACKGROUND: High-altitude cardiovascular adaptations increase lung pressure. This effect on the right ventricle (RV) of transplanted hearts at altitudes above 2,500 meters above sea level (masl) has not been described. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to describe echocardiography RV behavior in the immediate post-operative period (Days 1-7 post-Heart transplant [HTx]), 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after HTx in patients at 2640 masl. METHODS: Historical cohort of HTx patients in the period between 2005 and 2019, in a hospital located in Bogotá, Colombia. Socio-demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic evaluation data of the RV at 5 follow-up moments were analyzed. RESULTS: 91 patients underwent HTx, 64% remained at a height > 2500 masl in the post-operative period. Transthoracic echo was available in 37 patients (40.6%). Right ventricular dysfunction was found in 95% of patients, which was predominantly moderate (43%), with improvement 3 months after transplant. The immediate post-operative Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion was 8.9 ± 4.9 mm, with recovery from the 3rd post-operative month (15.1 ± 3.6 mm) and without significant changes in month 24 (15.8 ± 4.9 mm). Immediate post-operative systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) was 39.2 ± 8.2 mmHg, showing a decrease at 24 post-operative months (31.0 ± 5.0 mmHg). The 5-year survival was 78% Confidence Interval 95% 60-85. CONCLUSION: After HTx, most patients present right ventricular dysfunction, improving at the 3rd month of transplant. There were no significant differences between patients living at more than 2500 masl and < 2500 masl.

ANTECEDENTES: Las adaptaciones cardiovasculares en la altitud aumentan la presión pulmonar; el efecto de estos cambios sobre el ventrículo derecho de corazones trasplantados a altitudes superiores a 2,500 msnm no ha sido descrito. OBJETIVO: Describir el comportamiento por ecocardiografía transtorácica del ventrículo derecho en el postoperatorio inmediato (días 1­7 post-HTx), 3, 6, 12 y 24 meses después del trasplante cardíaco en pacientes intervenidos a 2,640 ms nm. MÉTODOS: Cohorte histórica de pacientes trasplantados de corazón en un hospital de Bogotá, Colombia, entre 2005 y 2019. Los datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y ecocardiográficos del ventrículo derecho fueron analizados en 5 momentos del seguimiento postoperatorio. RESULTADOS: 91 pacientes fueron sometidos a trasplante cardíaco, el 64% residía a más de 2,500 msnm en el postoperatorio. El ecocardiograma transtorácico estuvo disponibles en 37 pacientes (40.6%). En el 95% de los pacientes se documentó disfunción del ventrículo derecho la cual fue predominantemente moderada (43%), con mejoría al 3 mes del trasplante. El TAPSE en el postoperatorio inmediato fue de 8.9±4.9 mm, con recuperación a partir del tercer mes postoperatorio (15.1±3.6 mm); la mejoría se mantuvo hasta el mes 24 (15.8±4.9 mm). La PsAP postoperatoria inmediata fue de 39.2±8.2 mmHg y disminuyó a los 24 meses (31.0±5.0 mmHg). La supervivencia a los 5 años fue del 78% IC95% 60-85. CONCLUSIONES: Posterior al trasplante cardíaco, la mayoría de los pacientes presentó disfunción ventricular derecha, mejorando al tercer mes del trasplante. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los pacientes que vivían a mas de 2,500 msnm y menos de 2,500 msnm.

Immunomodulation and Antioxidant Activities as Possible Trypanocidal and Cardioprotective Mechanisms of Major Terpenes from Lippia alba Essential Oils in an Experimental Model of Chronic Chagas Disease.

In the late phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, parasite persistence and an exaggerated immune response accompanied by oxidative stress play a crucial role in the genesis of Chronic Chagasic Cardiomyopathy (CCC). Current treatments (Benznidazole (BNZ) and Nifurtimox) can effect only the elimination of the parasite, but are ineffective for late stage treatment and for preventing heart damage and disease progression. In vivo trypanocidal and cardioprotective activity has been reported for Lippia alba essential oils (EOs), ascribed to their two major terpenes, limonene and caryophyllene oxide. To investigate the role of antioxidant and immunomodulatory mechanisms behind these properties, chronic-T. cruzi-infected rats were treated with oral synergistic mixtures of the aforementioned EOs. For this purpose, the EOs were optimized through limonene-enrichment fractioning and by the addition of exogenous caryophyllene oxide (LIMOX) and used alone or in combined therapy with subtherapeutic doses of BNZ (LIMOXBNZ). Clinical, toxicity, inflammatory, oxidative, and parasitological (qPCR) parameters were assessed in cardiac tissue. These therapies demonstrated meaningful antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on markers involved in CCC pathogenesis (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, and iNOS), which could explain their significant trypanocidal properties and their noteworthy role in preventing, and even reversing, the progression of cardiac damage in chronic Chagas disease.

Leptospirosis en reservorios animales: Una revisión de tema / Animal reservoirs for leptospirosis: A review / Reservatórios Animais da Leptospirosis: uma revisão

Resumen La leptospirosis es causada por la bacteria Lepstospira spp, de alta prevalencia mundial, relacionada con la circulación en múltiples reservorios domésticos y peridomésticos. La presente revisión tuvo como objetivo aportar datos de infección por Leptospira spp en posibles reservorios animales. Se desarrolló una revisión narrativa de la literatura donde se encontró valores máximos de prevalencias en caninos hasta de un 63%, en felinos del 68%, en porcinos de 86%, en equinos del 75% y en bovinos del 89%. De acuerdo a las prevalencias de la Leptospirosis, deben tenerse en cuenta desde el diagnóstico de rutina en la sospecha de patología en los animales.

Abstract Leptospirosis is caused by the bacteria Lepstospira spp, of high worldwide prevalence, related to the circulation in multiple domestic and peridomestic reservoirs. The present review aimed to provide data on infection by Leptospira spp in possible animal reservoirs. A narrative review of the literature was developed where maximum prevalence values were found in canines up to 63%, in felines 68%, in swine 86%, in equines 75% and in bovines 89%. According to the prevalence of Leptospirosis, they should be taken into account from the routine diagnosis of pathology in animals.

Resumo A leptospirose é causada pela bactéria Lepstospira spp, de alta prevalência mundial, relacionada à circulação em múltiplos reservatórios domésticos e peridomiciliares. Na presente revisão teve como objetivo fornecer dados sobre a infecção por Leptospira spp em possíveis reservatórios. Foi desenvolvida uma revisão narrativa da literatura onde foram encontrados valores máximos de prevalência em caninos de até 63%, em gatos de 68%, em porcos de 86%, em equinos de 75% e em bovinos de 89%. De acordo com as prevalências de Leptospirose, elas devem ser levadas em consideração desde o diagnóstico de rotina na suspeita de patologia em animais.

Neumotórax espontaneo en paciente gestante / Spontaneous Pneumothorax in a Pregnant Woman

RESUMEN Introducción: El neumotórax es una de las enfermedades pleurales más frecuentes en la práctica médica, siendo excepcional su asociación con el embarazo, existiendo pocos casos reportados en la literatura mundial. La linfangioleiomiomatosis es una enfermedad multisistémica poco frecuente, que afecta predominante al sexo femenino en edad fértil y puede verse exacerbada por el embarazo. Objetivo: Realizar el reporte de un caso y la revisión del tema que permitan un diagnóstico precoz y una conducta de forma temprana. Caso clínico: Paciente gestante de 15 semanas, de 36 años de edad, con antecedentes de salud anterior, que debuta súbitamente con disnea a los medianos esfuerzos, tos, dolor torácico y neumotórax derecho espontáneo, recurrente en su evolución y posteriormente bilateral. Su curso fue tórpido requiriendo tratamiento en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos por fallo respiratorio agudo, falleciendo luego de 3 meses del inicio del cuadro. Se le realizó, Radiografía de tórax: patrón reticular de tipo panal de abejas, tomografía de tórax: imágenes quísticas múltiples en todo parénquima pulmonar de predominio basal. Biopsia pulmonar compatible con linfangioleiomiomatosis. Conclusiones: La aparición de disnea súbita, dolor pleurítico y neumotórax en una gestante, deben ser siempre suficientes para tener en cuenta la presencia de una linfangioleiomiomatosis. Su inespecificidad sintomática inicial se traduce en un diagnóstico tardío, lo que empobrece su pronóstico(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pneumothorax is one of the pleural diseases most frequent in medical practice. Its association with pregnancy is essential. Few cases are reported in worldwide medical literature. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare multisystem disease that predominantly affects individuals of the female sex and at fertile age; it can be aggravated by pregnancy. Objective: To present a case report and a topic review that allow early diagnosis and early management. Clinical case: A 15-week-pregnant patient aged 36 years and with a previous health history suddenly presented dyspnea for average efforts, cough, chest pain, and spontaneous right pneumothorax, recurrent in its evolution and, later, bilateral. Its evolution was slow, a reason why it required intensive care for acute respiratory failure. The patient died three months after the onset of symptoms. The patient was performed chest x-ray, which showed honeycomb-type reticular pattern; and chest tomography, which showed multiple cystic images throughout pulmonary parenchyma, predominantly at baseline. Lung biopsy consistent with lymphangioleiomyomatosis was performed. Conclusions: Onset of sudden dyspnea, pleuritic pain and pneumothorax in a pregnant woman should always be sufficiently indicative of lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Its initial symptomatic non-specificity is determined by late diagnosis, which impoverishes prognosis(AU)

Optimization of the Light Sword Lens for Presbyopia Correction.

Purpose: We propose and evaluate the modifications of a light sword lens (LSL) to obtain better performance for distance vision while maintaining good operation for near and intermediate vision. Methods: The modifications consisted of assigning angular or circular windows for distance vision while rescaling the LSL profile in the remaining area of the element. The objective performance of the redesigned LSLs was verified numerically by the Strehl ratio and experimentally using correlation coefficients and Michelson contrast. Subjective assessments were provided by monocular visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) through-focus curves for six patients with paralyzed accommodation. The tested object vergence range was [-4.0, 0.0] diopters (D). All experiments were conducted in a custom-made monocular visual simulator. Results: Computational simulations and objective experiments confirmed the better performance of the modified LSL for the imaging of distant objects. The proposed angular and radial modulations resulted in flat VA and CS through-focus curves, indicating more uniform quality of vision with clearly improved distance vision. The VA provided by the modified LSL profiles showed a maximal improvement of 1.5 lines of acuity with respect to the VA provided by the conventional LSL at distance vision. Conclusions: Optimized LSLs provide better imaging of distant objects while maintaining a large depth of focus. This results in comparable and acceptable quality for distance, intermediate, and near vision. Therefore, the modified LSLs appear to be promising presbyopia correctors. Translational Relevance: The new design of LSL reveals an improved performance for all ranges of vision and becomes a promissory element for a real presbyopia correction in clinical applications.

Compression of 3D dynamic holographic scenes in the Fresnel domain.

In this paper we present an optodigital protocol for the compression of 3D dynamic scenes recorded with an off-axis Fresnel holographic system. The compression protocol involves optical scaling, sampling with binary masks, and multiplexing of the optical field data obtained after a filtering process applied to Fresnel holograms. Volume reduction of up to 93.71% and a 16-fold decrease in the transfer time are achieved. Virtual-optical reconstruction is performed for different values of the parameters involved in the compression protocol. The correlation coefficient is used as a metric to measure the loss caused by the volume reduction process. Furthermore, we show that a high level of lossy compression can be achieved with this protocol, with better reconstruction quality than the MPEG-4 video compression technique. Finally, we perform the experimental reconstruction using a holographic projection system based on a phase-only spatial light modulator, thus highlighting the potential of our proposal.

Tear film stability assessment by corneal reflex image degradation: publisher's note.

This publisher's note corrects the funding in J. Opt. Soc. Am. A36, B110 (2019).JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.36.00B110.

Small Molecule Inhibitor Adjuvant Surfactant Therapy Attenuates Ventilator- and Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury in Preterm Rabbits.

BACKGROUND: Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) has become one of the mainstays of therapy in NICUs worldwide, as a result of which premature babies with extremely low birth weight have been able to survive. Although lifesaving, IMV can result in lung inflammation and injury. Surfactant therapy is considered a standard of care in preterm infants with immature lungs. Recently, small molecule inhibitors like siRNAs and miRNAs have been used for therapeutic purposes. Ddit3 (CHOP), Ang2 and miR34a are known to be upregulated in experimental lung injury. We wanted to test whether inhibitors for these molecules (CHOP siRNA, Ang2 siRNA, and miR34a antagomir) if used alone or with a combination with surfactant (Curosurf®) would help in reducing ventilation and hyperoxia-induced injury in an experimental lung injury model. METHODS: Preterm rabbits born by cesarean section were intratracheally instilled with the three small molecule inhibitors with or without Curosurf® prior to IMV and hyperoxia exposure. Prior to testing the inhibitors in rabbits, these small molecule inhibitors were transfected in mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE12 and AECII) and delivered to neonatal mouse pups intranasally as a proof of concept that surfactant (Curosurf®) could be used as an effective vehicle for administration of such drugs. Survival, pulmonary function tests, histopathology, immunostaining, quantitative PCR and western blotting were done to see the adjuvant effect of surfactant with these three small molecule inhibitors. RESULTS: Our data shows that Curosurf® can facilitate transfection of small molecules in MLE12 cells with the same and/or increased efficiency as Lipofectamine. Surfactant given alone or as an adjuvant with small molecule inhibitors increases survival, decreases IMV and hyperoxia-induced inflammation, improves pulmonary function and lung injury scores in preterm rabbit kits. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that Curosurf® can be used successfully as an adjuvant therapy with small molecule inhibitors for CHOP/Ang2/miR34a. In this study, of the three inhibitors used, miR34a inhibitor seemed to be the most promising compound to combat IMV and hyperoxia-induced lung injury in preterm rabbits.