ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of calorie restriction (CR) during pregnancy in mice on metabolism and ovarian function in the offspring. Pregnant female mice were divided into two groups, a control group and a CR group (n=7 in each). Mice in the CR group were fed 50% of the amount consumed by control females from Day 10 of gestation until delivery. After weaning, the offspring received diet ad libitum until 3 months of age, when ovaries were collected. Ovaries were serially cut and every sixth section was used for follicle counting. Female offspring from CR dams tended to have increased bodyweight compared with offspring from control females (P=0.08). Interestingly, fewer primordial follicles (60% reduction; P=0.001), transitional follicles (P=0.0006) and total follicles (P=0.006) were observed in offspring from CR mothers. The number of primary, secondary and tertiary follicles did not differ between the groups (P>0.05). The CR offspring had fewer DNA double-strand breaks in primary follicle oocytes (P=0.03). In summary, CR during the second half of gestation decreased primordial ovarian follicle reserve in female offspring. These findings suggest that undernutrition during the second half of gestation may decrease the reproductive lifespan of female offspring.
Subject(s)
Caloric Restriction/adverse effects , Ovarian Reserve/physiology , Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Female , Glucose/metabolism , Male , Malnutrition/complications , Malnutrition/metabolism , Malnutrition/physiopathology , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Phenotype , Pregnancy , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/metabolism , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/physiopathology , Reproduction/physiologyABSTRACT
Transmission of the virus, Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C) (Cilevirus) by Brevipalpus yothersi Baker, on different citrus species was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. First, the relationship between acquisition access periods (AAPs; 1, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h) and virus concentration in mites was determined. Second, the ability of B. yothersi to transmit CiLV-C to orange, mandarin, grapefruit, and lime trees was measured. We then assessed the establishment of mites on the different citrus species as measured by their population increase on each species. We found no relationship between AAPs and virus load in mites. The virus was found in all mites tested but there was no difference in virus quantities among the treatments. We selected an AAP of 24 h for the transmission experiment. Brevipalpus yothersi transmitted the virus to all citrus species evaluated, but susceptibility was different. The number of infected leaves was greater on orange and mandarin compared with grapefruit and lime. Furthermore, populations of B. yothersi successfully established on orange and mandarin, but not on grapefruit and lime trees. The implications of our results in the virus-mite-citrus plant relationship are discussed.
Subject(s)
Citrus paradisi , Citrus , Mites , Plant Viruses , Animals , Plant Diseases , Plant LeavesABSTRACT
A ligadura elástica de varizes tem sido considerada o tratamento de escolha na prevençäo do ressangramento por varizes de esofâgo. Neste estudo, 30 pacientes com cirrose e sangramento varicoso prévio foram submetidos a sessöes consecutivas de ligadura elástica de varizes até a erradicaçäo dos vasos...
