ABSTRACT
Laser-induced acoustic desorption combined with mass spectrometry has been used to demonstrate that phenyl radicals can attack dinucleoside phosphates at both the sugar and base moieties, that purine bases are more susceptible to the attack than pyrimidine bases, and that the more electrophilic the radical, the more efficient the damage to dinucleoside phosphates.
Subject(s)
Benzene Derivatives/chemistry , Dinucleoside Phosphates/chemistry , Purine Nucleotides/chemistry , Purines/chemistry , Benzene Derivatives/chemical synthesis , Benzene Derivatives/radiation effects , Dinucleoside Phosphates/chemical synthesis , Dinucleoside Phosphates/radiation effects , Free Radicals/chemistry , Lasers , Mass Spectrometry , Molecular Structure , Purine Nucleotides/radiation effects , Purines/radiation effectsABSTRACT
Reactions of differently substituted phenyl radicals with components of nucleic acids have been investigated in the gas phase. A positively charged group located meta with respect to the radical site was employed to allow manipulation of the radicals in a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. All of these electrophilic radicals react with sugars via exclusive hydrogen atom abstraction, with adenine and uracil almost exclusively via addition (likely at the C8 and C5 carbons, respectively), and with the nucleoside thymidine by hydrogen atom abstraction and addition at C5 in the base moiety (followed by elimination of (*)CH(3)). These findings parallel the reactivity of the phenyl radical with components of nucleic acids in solution, except that the selectivity for addition is different. Like HO(*), the electrophilic charged phenyl radicals appear to favor addition to the C5-end of the C5-C6 double bond of thymine and thymidine, whereas the phenyl radical preferentially adds to C6. The charged phenyl radicals do not predominantly add to thymine, as the neutral phenyl radical and HO(*), but mainly react by hydrogen atom abstraction from the methyl group (some addition to C5 in the base followed by loss of (*)CH(3) also occurs). Adenine appears to be the preferred target among the nucleobases, while uracil is the least favored. A systematic increase in the electrophilicity of the radicals by modification of the radicals' structures was found to facilitate all reactions, but the addition even more than hydrogen atom abstraction. Therefore, the least reactive radicals are most selective toward hydrogen atom abstraction, while the most reactive radicals also efficiently add to the base. Traditional enthalpy arguments do not rationalize the rate variations. Instead, the rates reflect the radicals' electron affinities used as a measure for their ability to polarize the transition state of each reaction.
Subject(s)
Benzene Derivatives/chemistry , Nucleic Acids/chemistry , Thymine/analogs & derivatives , Uracil/analogs & derivatives , Adenine/chemistry , Biphenyl Compounds/chemical synthesis , Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry , Free Radicals/chemistry , Gases/chemistry , Thermodynamics , Thymine/chemistry , Uracil/chemistryABSTRACT
A generally applicable method for the study of phenyl radicals' reactions with neutral biomolecules in the gas phase is demonstrated. Neutral biomolecules were evaporated into a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR) by means of laser-induced acoustic desorption (LIAD) and subsequently reacted with trapped charged phenyl radicals. The structural integrity of the evaporated alanylalanine molecules was verified by reaction with dichlorophosphenium ions. Examination of the reactions of charged phenyl radicals with alanylalanine and thymidine evaporated via LIAD revealed hydrogen atom abstraction for both alanylalanine and thymidine as well as an addition/elimination product for the reaction with thymidine. These reactions are consistent with the results obtained by others in solution. Further, a previously unstudied reaction of the nucleotide of thymine (T1) with charged phenyl radical was found to yield analogous products as the reaction with thymidine.
