ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pre-eclampsia is a major cause of maternal death in Indonesia. Prevention of the incidence of pre-eclampsia is believed as one of the optional treatment that can be done by consuming calcium supplementation. AIM: This study aimed to investigate procalcitonin levels in non-small cell lung cancer patients. METHODS: Observational study with prospective cohort design with a quantitative approach was conducted to see the validity and re ability of the question. The population was pregnant women in Kutabaro Health Center in 2018 who were pregnant women > 20 weeks from the appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria of a total of 29 respondents. The intervention group who were given calcium and about 58 pregnant mothers were assigned for the controlled group. The sampling technique was the Multistage sampling method/ sampling, using purposive sampling and Total Population. Analysis of data using uni-variable, bi-variable and multiple variables. The statistical test used Chi-Square (χ2) at the significance level of p < 0.05. To see the magnitude of the risk with the Relative Risk (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: A total of 68 lung cancer patients fulfilled the criteria of this study, 55 men (80.9%) and 13 women (19.1%). The highest percentage of cytology/histopathology type found was adenocarcinoma (80.9%), and 60.3% of those were diagnosed in stage IV. An increased procalcitonin level (greater than 0.01 ng/mL) occurred in 80.9% of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients. It appears that the higher the stage of lung cancer, the lower procalcitonin levels would be, although it was not statistically significant. There was no association between lung cancer subtype with procalcitonin levels. CONCLUSION: An increased level of procalcitonin may be an indication not only for infection but also for NonSmall Cell Lung Cancer.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Development of Health Index becomes important in measuring development. The development of the Health Index in Aceh Province is influenced by several internal and external factors. AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyse the factors that influence the health index as well as formulate a health index development strategy for Aceh Province. METHODS: The method used is quantitative with a survey approach. This research was conducted from January to March 2019 in Aceh Province. Participants were determined as many as 50 stakeholders using the purposive sampling method. Data was collected in the form of primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through questionnaires and interviews with key stakeholders such as the Aceh Provincial Government, regional authorities within the Aceh Province (Agency, Bureau, Office, Hospital, etc. Secondary data was obtained from relevant research reports, government regulations, and others. The SWOT analysis was used to identify internal and external factors, strategies for developing the health index of the Aceh Province. RESULTS: Sixteen factors influence the development of a health index in the province of Aceh. Analysis of internal and external factors has identified five strength factors, six weakness factors, five opportunity factors, and five threat factors. The internal factors (strength) that influence the development of the health index are the increasing role of the provincial government in improving health (0.437). Internal factors (weaknesses) that influence the development of health indices in the province of Aceh are the low quality of human resources in the health sector (0.336). External factors (opportunities) that influence the development of health indices in Aceh province are support from the central government with a value (0.399). External factors that pose a threat to the development of health indices in Aceh province are the ability of the community to finance health with a value (0.437). The results of the SWOT analysis of the condition of the development of the health index are currently in squared II (Strategy Diversification). This condition shows that the development of the health index faces a big threat. Alternative strategies for the development of health indices can be done by increasing the allocation of health spending, increasing partnerships with the private sector in implementing health programs, cooperation between the central, provincial and district governments in improving policies and improving service quality. CONCLUSION: Some factors influence the development of the Health Index in Aceh Province. Internal factors are the role of the provincial government in improving health, and the low quality of human resources in the health sector. While external factors are the existence of support from the central government, and the ability of the community to finance health.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis is still a problem for women all over the world. There are no studies that apply herbs, especially Scurrula atropurpurea to inhibit the development of inflammation in endometriosis. AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze the docking of active ingredient of Scurrula atropurpurea on NFkB-IkB complex with IKK in silico way. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The nine active ingredients of Scurrula atropurpurea analyzed here were including aviculin (CID 10391477), caffeine (CID 2519), catechin (CID: 9064), epicatechin (CID: 72276), kaempferol (CID 5280863), quercetin (CID 5280343), quercitrin (CID 5280459)), rutin (CID 5280805), and theobromine (CID 5429). The sequence of study procedures included searching for amino acid sequences and active plant component structures, protein 3D structure modeling, docking and analysis of protein-ligand interaction. RESULTS: Regarding the NFkB-IkB complex, it was found that all active ingredients can interact where the strongest interaction sequence was rutin (-314.35 kJ/mol). Regarding the interaction between IKK and NFkB-IkB, the nine active ingredients can reduce bond energy, except rutin. CONCLUSIONS: the active ingredients of Scurrula atropurpurea having the potential effect as anti-inflammatory is rutin so that it can be isolated and used as an alternative ingredient in inhibiting inflammation in endometriosis.
