[Insulin resistance in HIV-infected patients receiving long-term therapy with efavirenz, lopinavir/ritonavir and atazanavir]. / Resistencia insulínica en pacientes con infección por el VIH en tratamiento prolongado con efavirenz, lopinavir/ritonavir y atazanavir.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the presence of insulin resistance in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Cross-sectional study in consecutive HIV-infected patients treated with regimens containing efavirenz, lopinavir/ritonavir or atazanavir. Insulin resistance was assessed by HOMA (Homeostasis Model Assessment). RESULTS: We analyzed 47 patients, 18 on treatment with efavirenz, 17 with lopinavir/ritonavir and 12 with atazanavir. Patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir had higher insulinemia than those treated with efavirenz (p = 0.007) or atazanavir (p = 0.020). The HOMA index was also higher in subjects treated with lopinavir/ritonavir than in those receiving efavirenz (p = 0.07) or atazanavir (p = 0.028). Insulin resistance was found in 5 (10.6%) patients, 4 among those receiving lopinavir/ritonavir, one among those treated with efavirenz and none among subjects receiving atazanavir (p = 0.065). In the logistic regression analysis, the antiretroviral regimen was associated with risk of insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of patients on antiretroviral therapy may have insulin resistance according to the HOMA index. Alterations of the hydrocarbonated metabolism appear to be more likely to occur in patients receiving regimens with lopinavir/ritonavir.

Resistencia insulínica en pacientes con infección por el VIH en tratamiento prolongado con efavirenz, lopinavir/ritonavir y atazanavir / Insulin resistance in HIV-infected patients receiving long-term therapy with efavirenz, lopinavir/ritonavir and atazanavir

Fundamento y objetivo: Estudiar la sensibilidad insulínica en pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) que reciben tratamiento antirretroviral prolongado. Pacientes y método: Se incluyó a pacientes consecutivos en tratamiento durante más de un año con efavirenz, lopinavir/ritonavir o atazanavir. La resistencia a la insulina se evaluó mediante el índice HOMA (Homeostasis Model Assessment). Resultados: Se analizó a 47 pacientes, 18 en tratamiento con efavirenz, 17 con lopinavir/ritonavir y 12 con atazanavir. Los tratados con lopinavir/ritonavir tuvieron una insulinemia más elevada que los que recibían efavirenz (p = 0,007) y atazanavir (p = 0,020), y un índice HOMA mayor que los tratados con efavirenz (p = 0,07) y atazanavir (p = 0,028). Presentaron resistencia insulínica 5 (10,6%) pacientes: 4 en el grupo de lopinavir/ritonavir, uno en el de efavirenz y ninguno en el de atazanavir (p = 0,065). En el análisis multivariante, la pauta de tratamiento antirretroviral fue el único predictor independiente de resistencia insulínica. Conclusiones: Una proporción apreciable de los pacientes que reciben tratamiento antirretroviral crónico presenta resistencia insulínica. Las alteraciones del metabolismo hidrocarbonado tienden a ser más marcadas en los tratados con lopinavir/ritonavir

Background and objetive: To assess the presence of insulin resistance in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy. Patients and method: Cross-sectional study in consecutive HIV-infected patients treated with regimens containing efavirenz, lopinavir/ritonavir or atazanavir. Insulin resistance was assessed by HOMA (Homeostasis Model Assessment). Results: We analyzed 47 patients, 18 on treatment with efavirenz, 17 with lopinavir/ritonavir and 12 with atazanavir. Patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir had higher insulinemia than those treated with efavirenz (p = 0.007) or atazanavir (p = 0.020). The HOMA index was also higher in subjects treated with lopinavir/ritonavir than in those receiving efavirenz (p = 0.07) or atazanavir (p = 0.028). Insulin resistance was found in 5 (10.6%) patients, 4 among those receiving lopinavir/ritonavir, one among those treated with efavirenz and none among subjects receiving atazanavir (p = 0.065). In the logistic regression analysis, the antiretroviral regimen was associated with risk of insulin resistance. Conclusions: A substantial number of patients on antiretroviral therapy may have insulin resistance according to the HOMA index. Alterations of the hydrocarbonated metabolism appear to be more likely to occur in patients receiving regimens with lopinavir/ritonavir