ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze discus throwing in Paralympic athletes from two functional classes (FCs). Seven athletes from two classes F-44 (N=4) and F-46 (N=3) performed three throws each during a regional competition and were evaluated through 3D kinemetry. The assessed athletes presented a similar throwing technique, with a preparation movement opposite to the throw preceding the shot. Class F-44 showed a weak correlation between take-off speed and range (r= 0.15; p>0.05). F-46 showed a strong correlation between take-off speed and range (r=0.77; p=0.014). We conclude that athletes from the assessed FCs present important differences in terms of performance.
RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo a análise do lançamento de disco em atletas paralímpicos de duas classes funcionais (CFs). Sete atletas de duas classes F-44 (N=4) e F-46 (N=3) executaram 3 lançamentos cada durante uma competição regional, e foram avaliados por meio de cinemetria 3D. Os atletas avaliados apresentaram uma técnica de lançamento semelhante, com movimento de preparação em direção oposta ao lançamento que antecedia o arremate. Na classe F-44 houve uma fraca correlação entre a velocidade de decolagem e o alcance do disco (r= 0,15; p>0,05). Na F-46 houve forte correlação entre a velocidade de decolagem e o alcance (r= 0,77; p=0,014). Conclui-se que atletas das CFs avaliadas apresentam diferenças importantes em termos de desempenho.
RESUMEN El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el lanzamiento de disco en atletas paralímpicos de dos clases funcionales (FC). Siete atletas de dos clases F-44 (N = 4) y F-46 (N = 3) realizaron 3 lanzamientos cada uno durante una competencia regional, y fueron evaluados usando cinemetría 3D. Los deportistas evaluados presentaron una técnica de lanzamiento similar, con un movimiento de preparación en sentido contrario al lanzamiento que precedió al tiro. En la clase F-44 hubo una correlación débil entre la velocidad de despegue y el alcance del disco (r = 0,15; p> 0,05). En el F-46 hubo una fuerte correlación entre la velocidad de despegue y el alcance (r = 0,77; p = 0,014). Se concluye que los deportistas de los CF evaluados presentan importantes diferencias en cuanto a rendimiento.
ABSTRACT
Researchers have reported on the diet of Leopardus tigrinus and ecological aspects, but studies of behavior are scarce. The aims of this study were to describe the time budget and activity patterns of 10 captive Leopardus tigrinus individuals. The group had an activity budget of 66% resting, 20.66% moving, 6.08% vigilant, 3.12% feeding, and 4.14% other activities during 720 hr of observations. The activity budgets of the males and females did not differ significantly; however, males ate more than did females. The nonhuman animals spent more time resting during the day than during the night. Moving, socializing, maintenance, and vigilance showed statistically higher mean values at night. Group analysis of the temporal pattern of behavior showed bimodal peaks. Activity levels were high from 5 a.m. to 6 a.m. and decreased through the day only to peak again at 7 p.m. Stereotypic pacing peaked at dawn and at dusk. Patterns of vigilance, feeding, and maintenance were also determined for the group during a 24-hr period. These results may be useful for the development of management plans and effective conservation strategies for captive cats.
Subject(s)
Animals, Zoo/psychology , Felidae/psychology , Animals , Behavior, Animal , Female , Male , Sex Factors , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Magellanic penguins migrate from Patagonia reaching northern Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil on their winter migration, in parallel with the seasonal pulse of anchovy spawning. In 2008, Magellanic penguins went further north than usual. Many died and a few swam nearly to the Equator. Twelve groups surveyed 5000 km of coastline encountering 3371 penguins along the coast. Most penguins arrived in northern Brazil (68.4%) without petroleum (2933, 87%). Almost all penguins without petroleum were juveniles (2915, 99%) and 55% were alive when found. Penguins were dehydrated, anemic, hypothermic, and emaciated. Of the penguins with petroleum, 13% arrived in the southern half of Brazil, showing that petroleum pollution remains a problem along the SW Atlantic coast. The mortality occurred in the winter of 2008 when sea surface temperature were unusually cold perhaps reducing the prey for penguins.