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Introducción: La Pandemia COVID-19, ha tenido impactos negativos en la salud física y mental de las personas, así como las medidas adoptadas por los gobiernos, para prevenir el contagio masivo de la población como el confinamiento, el aislamiento social, el trabajo y educación virtual. Dentro de los afectados por estos cambios, se encontrarían los estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud, que además de estudiar en estas condiciones de pandemia, no han podido hacer sus prácticas de los servicios de salud. Esta situación de exposición al aislamiento, podría afectar la salud mental de los jóvenes estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo: determinar los niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en estudiantes universitarios y su relación con variables sociodemográficas y las características del aislamiento social durante la Pandemia COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, de corte transversal y cuantitativo, con una muestra de 818 estudiantes universitarios de facultades de ciencias de la salud, mediante el cuestionario autoadministrado DASS-21. Resultados: Los principales hallazgos fueron: una mayor prevalencia en niveles altos (severos y extremadamente severos) en la ansiedad, alcanzado casi a 4 de cada 10 de los evaluados; por otro lado, en depresión y el estrés, 2 de cada 10 de los evaluados, se encontraron en los niveles mencionados. En relación con las variables sociodemográficas, las relacionadas con el COVID-19 y aislamiento social, se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con el género (mujeres > varones), el haber tenido COVID-19 (Sí > No) y vivir con familiares como antes de la pandemia (Sí > No) obtuvieron en promedio mayores puntajes en depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Conclusión: Los estudiantes que presentaron mayor depresión, ansiedad y estrés con una diferencia significativa fueron de género femenino, con antecedentes de haber tenido Covid-19, menor contacto con familiares y haber cumplido con aislamiento social total.
Introduction: The COVID-19 Pandemic has had negative impacts on the physical and mental health of people, as well as the measures adopted by governments to prevent the massive contagion of the population, such as confinement, social isolation, virtual work, and virtual education. Among those affected by these changes would be university students in the health area who, in addition to studying in these pandemic conditions, have been unable to do their health service practices. This situation of exposure to isolation could affect the mental health of young university students. Objective: To determine the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in university students, their relationship with sociodemographic variables, and the characteristics of social isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, and quantitative study was carried out with a sample of 818 university students from health sciences faculties using the DASS-21 self-administered questionnaire. Results: The main findings were a higher prevalence of high levels (severe and highly severe) in anxiety, reaching almost 4 out of 10 of those evaluated; On the other hand, in depression and stress, 2 out of 10 of those evaluated were found at the mentioned levels. Concerning the sociodemographic variables, those related to COVID-19 and social isolation, statistically significant differences were found with gender (women > men), having had COVID-19 (Yes > No), and living with relatives as before. On average, the pandemic (Yes > No) obtained higher scores in depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusion: The students who presented greater depression, anxiety, and stress with a significant difference were female, with a history of having had Covid-19, less contact with family members, and having complied with total social isolation
ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: An increase in emotional disturbances and complaints about cognitive performance has been observed in Latin American healthcare workers during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which can affect attention capacity and increase the levels of stress and burnout of these professionals. The objective was to analyse subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) and associated factors in health personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic in five Latin American countries.Methods: Multicentre cross-sectional study, which included 3,738 professionals from Colombia, Chile, Argentina, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression, and the Mini-Z to assess Burnout. For the SCC, an item on cognitive concerns in attention and memory was used.Results: The prevalence of cognitive complaints was 69.2%. The factors associated with a higher risk of SCC were the scores in the GAD-7, PHQ and Mini-Z, in addition to being part of the Ecuadorian health personnel.Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of SCC in health personnel, which is modulated by emotional states and stress.
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La salud mental positiva es un constructo complejo que está re-lacionado con el funcionamiento óptimo de la persona. Comprende un conjunto de cualidades orientadas al desarrollo del potencial del individuo. La Escala de Salud Mental Positiva es uno de los instrumentos más utiliza-dos paraevaluarlo, sin embargo, los antecedentes señalan inconsistencias respecto a su estructura interna. El objetivo del presente estudio fue anali-zar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Salud Mental Positiva en Arequipa-Perú. Participaron 3933 personas, 50.3% fueron mujeres y 49.7% fueron varones, incluyendo desde adolescentes hasta adultos mayores. La evaluación mediante AFC de la estructura original evidenció índices de ajuste pobres, por lo que se tuvo que evaluar la dimensionalidad y proponer unanueva estructura. Para lo cual, se dividió a la muestra (n1= 1966 y n2= 1967). En la primera, se aplicó un AFE y en la segunda se valida mediante un AFC. Se hallaron tres factores y se concluye que tiene un buen ajuste (χ2(431) = 2473.378; CFI= .959; TLI= .956, RMSEA= .049; SRMR= .051). La consistencia interna mostró valores mayores a .81. Finalmente, se evaluó la equivalencia de la medición según el sexo, hallando que el instru-mento presenta invarianza de la medición.(AU)
Positive mental health is a complex construct that is related to the optimal functioning of the person. It comprises a set of qualities aimed at the development of the individual's potential. The Positive Mental Health Scale is one of the most used instruments to evaluate it, however, the antecedents indicate inconsistencies regarding its internal structure. The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Positive Mental Health Scale in Arequipa-Peru. 3,933 people partici-pated, 50.3% were women and 49.7% were men, including from adoles-cents to the elderly. The evaluation by CFA ofthe original structure showed poor fit indices, so the dimensionality had to be evaluated and a new structure had to be proposed. For which the sample is divided (n1= 1,966 and n2= 1,967). In the first, an EFA was applied and in the second, it is validated by means of a CFA. Three factors were found and it is con-cluded that it has a good fit (χ2(431) = 2,473.378; CFI= .959; TLI= .956, RMSEA= .049; SRMR= .051). The internal consistency showed values greater than .81. Finally, the equivalence of the measurement according to sex was evaluated, finding that the instrument presents measurement invariance.(AU)
Subject(s)
Health Sciences , Psychometrics/methods , Psychometrics/statistics & numerical data , Mental Health/statistics & numerical data , Analysis of Variance , Validation Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Objetivo: Analizar las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario ISTAS 21 para valorar los riesgos psicosociales en personal de salud hospitalario y de servicios de atención primaria que suministran cuidados a pacientes Covid-19. Metodología: Diseño descriptivo, transversal, en el que se analiza las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario ISTAS 21, para valorar los riesgos psicosociales en personal de salud. Resultados: Se evaluaron 231 profesionales (M=34.9, DE = 9.36 años), provenientes de hospitales y servicios de atención primaria. El análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) evidencia pobre ajuste para el modelo de 5 factores de la estructura original (RMSEA = .120, CFI = .660, TLI = .597, y SRMR = .140), por lo que se evalúa la estructura con un AFE, que explica el 50% de la varianza y posee 5 factores, con adecuada consistencia interna. Conclusión: El ISTAS 21 cuenta con evidencia de validez y adecuada consistencia interna; y puede ser usado para identificar riesgos psicosociales en personal de salud peruanos que atienden pacientes Covid-19.(AU)
Objective: To analyze the psychometric properties of the ISTAS 21 questionnaire to assess psychosocial risks in hospital and primary health care personnel who provide care to Covid-19 patients. Methodology: the study has a descriptive, cross-sectional design, in which the psychometric properties of the ISTAS 21 questionnaire to assess psychosocial risks in health personnel were analyzed. Results: 231 professionals (M=34.9, SD=9.36 years) from hospitals and primary care services were evaluated. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) evidences poor fit for the 5-factor model of the original structure (RMSEA = .120, CFI = .660, TLI = .597, and SRMR = .140), so the structure is evaluated with an AFE, which explains 50% of the variance and has 5 factors, with adequate internal consistency. Conclusions: It is concluded that the ISTAS 21 has evidence of validity and adequate internal consistency; and can be used to identify psychosocial risks in Peruvian health personnel who care for Covid-19 patients.(AU)
