ABSTRACT
Introduction: This article aims to identify best practices, improve risk controls, and aid regulatory agencies in developing guidance for environmental and biosafety risk assessment for commercial-scale cell and gene therapy manufacturing. Methods: A cross-functional team should start with hazard classification and testing requirements for materials used or generated by the process and process hazard characterization. Results: The team develops a safety profile of the process to mitigate risks, including: product biological contamination risk and process controls, including raw materials, facilities, operator and environmental controls, and method of detection;a technical review of the process to evaluate the operational and engineering controls;monitoring systems to mitigate the risk of failure and/or breach of the system, preventing the release of material to the facility or operator exposure;site sanitization strategy and facility containment measures, including engineering designs, air handling systems, spill containment measures, surface cleanability, waste flows, and decontamination practices;a review of site practices, including process, employee, material and waste flows, staff training, controlled access, operator gowning, and emergency response plans/measures. Discussion: The cross-functional team should regularly reconvene to provide solutions for enhanced process control, process life-cycle management, monitor assumptions, and track performance. The plan must be revised following any relevant failure event or process change. Conclusion: A risk assessment template is shared to bring to the reader's attention the complexity of commercial-scale manufacturing, areas to assess, potential questions to ask, and other pertinent parties who may input to the risk assessment.
