ABSTRACT
Antibiotics are frequently used in dental practice. Clinical and bacteriological epidemiological factors determine the indications of antibiotics in dentistry. Antibiotics are used in addition to appropriate treatment to aid the host defences in the elimination of remaining bacteria. It is indicated when there is evidence of clinical sign involvement and spread of infection. Antibiotics are prescribed in dental practice for treating odontoge nic infections, non-odontogenic infections, as prophylaxis against focal and local infection. Special care needs to be addressed to patients with organ transplants, poorly controlled diabetes and pregnancy. Antibiotics should be used only as an adjunct to dental treatment and never alone as the first line of care. The present paper reviews the indications of antibiotics in dental practice.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Tooth Diseases/microbiology , Tooth Diseases/prevention & control , HumansABSTRACT
SUMMARY: SIR is a Simple Indexing and Retrieval tool for indexing and searching biological flat file databases. SIR is a cross-platform solution entirely written in Python. Since the package is very small and installation is trivial, this would be an ideal solution for database providers to provide a custom retrieval tool to access them. AVAILABILITY: The modules will be made available at http://www.EMBLHeidelberg.de/~chenna/PySAT/sir.html
Subject(s)
Abstracting and Indexing , Databases, Genetic , Information Storage and Retrieval , Computational Biology , Databases, Protein , SoftwareABSTRACT
Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are randomly sequenced cDNA clones. Currently, nearly 3 million human and 2 million mouse ESTs provide valuable resources that enable researchers to investigate the products of gene expression. The EST databases have proven to be useful tools for detecting homologous genes, for exon mapping, revealing differential splicing, etc. With the increasing availability of large amounts of poorly characterised eukaryotic (notably human) genomic sequence, ESTs have now become a vital tool for gene identification, sometimes yielding the only unambiguous evidence for the existence of a gene expression product. However, BLAST-based Web servers available to the general user have not kept pace with these developments and do not provide appropriate tools for querying EST databases with large highly spliced genes, often spanning 50 000-100 000 bases or more. Here we describe Gene2EST (http://woody.embl-heidelberg.de/gene2est/), a server that brings together a set of tools enabling efficient retrieval of ESTs matching large DNA queries and their subsequent analysis. RepeatMasker is used to mask dispersed repetitive sequences (such as Alu elements) in the query, BLAST2 for searching EST databases and Artemis for graphical display of the findings. Gene2EST combines these components into a Web resource targeted at the researcher who wishes to study one or a few genes to a high level of detail.
Subject(s)
Databases, Factual , Expressed Sequence Tags , Software , Amino Acid Sequence , Base Sequence , Eukaryotic Cells , Humans , Information Storage and Retrieval , Internet , Molecular Sequence Data , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Homology, Nucleic AcidABSTRACT
MOTIVATION: While database activities in the biological area are increasing rapidly, rather little is done in the area of parsing them in a simple and object-oriented way. RESULTS: We present here an elegant, simple yet powerful way of parsing biological flat-file databases. We have taken EMBL, SWISSPROT and GENBANK as examples. EMBL and SWISS-PROT do not differ much in the format structure. GENBANK has a very different format structure than EMBL and SWISS-PROT. Extracting the desired fields in an entry (for example a sub-sequence with an associated feature) for later analysis is a constant need in the biological sequence-analysis community: this is illustrated with tools to make new splice-site databases. The interface to the parser is abstract in the sense that the access to all the databases is independent from their different formats, since parsing instructions are hidden.
Subject(s)
Databases, Factual , Programming Languages , Sequence Analysis/methodsABSTRACT
A specialized, interdisciplinary database on various types of related information on methanogenic bacteria is described. Derived from other sequence databases etc., this database collects information from many sources, including unpublished work from research laboratories working in this field, and makes them accessible from a single source, to interested scientists, free of cost. It is presently held in eight 48 T.P.I. floppy disks and can be run on any IBM PC under DOS 3.0 or above, making this database of particular interest to researchers with limited resources and on-line search/access facilities.
