ABSTRACT
The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) protocol is a widely accepted method of inducing social and/or cognitive stress in participants and studying its effects. Traditionally, this protocol is administered in laboratory or university settings, which are less formal than in offices. In this paper, we report the results of the analysis of multi-modal sensor data collected from employees of an enterprise who underwent the test. We briefly discuss the adaptations that enabled administering it digitally in a semi-automatic mode with minimal researcher/test-administrator intervention. In our setup, noninvasive sensor-signals, including the Galvanic Skin Response and Photoplethysmogram, were collected during and outside the stress-inducing tasks. We analyze the data collected from twenty participants and show that the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) score is needed in assessing the effect of the digital version of the TSST. A support vector machine classifier yielded an F1 score of 0.723 with the STAI score taken as ground truth. We also introduce the idea of ground truth based on the change in the STAI scores to reduce variation due to subjective interpretation, for which an F1 score of 0.847 was obtained.
Subject(s)
Stress, Psychological , Anxiety , Exercise Test , Galvanic Skin ResponseABSTRACT
DNA binding of two hybrid ligands composed of an alkylating pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine (PBD) moiety tethered to either a naphthalimide or a phenyl benzimidazole chromophore was studied by DNA melting experiments, UV and fluorescence titrations, CD spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Binding of both hybrids results in a remarkable thermal stabilization with an increase of DNA melting temperatures by up to 40 degrees C for duplexes that allow for a covalent attachment of the PBD moiety to guanine bases in their minor groove. CD spectroscopic measurements suggest that the naphthalimide moiety of the drug interacts through intercalation. In contrast, the PBD-benzimidazole hybrid binds in the DNA minor groove with a preference for (A,T)(4)G sequences. Whereas the binding of both ligands is enthalpy-driven and associated with a negative entropy, the benzimidazole hybrid exhibits a less favourable binding enthalpy that is counterbalanced by a more favourable entropic term when compared to the naphthalimide hybrid.
Subject(s)
Benzodiazepines/chemistry , DNA/chemistry , Base Sequence , Binding Sites , Calorimetry , Nucleic Acid Denaturation , Spectrum Analysis , Thermodynamics , Transition TemperatureABSTRACT
A series of pyrrolobenzodiazepine-naphthalimide conjugates tethered through a piperazine ring system have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anticancer activity. These new conjugates exhibit very high DNA binding affinity and cytotoxic activity against a number of cell lines.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , DNA/chemistry , Naphthalimides/chemistry , Naphthalimides/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Humans , Molecular Structure , Nucleic Acid Denaturation , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
A series of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-anthraquinone conjugates have been prepared and evaluated for their DNA binding ability as well as anticancer activity. Some of these molecules have shown significant anticancer activity in a number of cancer cell lines.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , DNA/drug effects , Animals , Anthraquinones/chemical synthesis , Anthraquinones/chemistry , Anthraquinones/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Binding Sites , Cattle , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , DNA/chemistry , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Humans , Molecular Structure , Pyrroles/chemical synthesis , Pyrroles/chemistry , Pyrroles/pharmacology , Stereoisomerism , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Five acylated 5,7,2',6'-oxygenated flavone glycosides along with the known 5,2',6'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone-2'-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside have been isolated from the whole plant of Andrographis alata. The structures of the compounds were established from spectral (mainly 1D and 2D NMR) and chemical studies.
Subject(s)
Andrographis/chemistry , Flavones/chemistry , Glycosides/chemistry , Acylation , Flavones/isolation & purification , Flavones/metabolism , Flavonoids/chemistry , Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Glycosides/isolation & purification , Glycosides/metabolism , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, BiomolecularABSTRACT
Five clerodane diterpenoids have been isolated from the aerial parts of Pulicaria wightiana along with 3'5,6-trihydroxy-3,4',7-trimethoxyflavone and 2-methyl-5-hydroxy-chroman-4-one. The structures and stereochemistry of the compounds were established from spectral (mainly 1D and 2D NMR) studies. The last two compounds were not reported earlier from this plant. The antibacterial activity of the diterpenoids were studied.
Subject(s)
Asteraceae/chemistry , Diterpenes, Clerodane/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Chromans/isolation & purification , Diterpenes, Clerodane/chemistry , Diterpenes, Clerodane/pharmacology , Flavones/isolation & purification , Molecular StructureABSTRACT
An efficient and facile chemoenzymatic synthesis of levamisole by employing lipase-mediated resolution of 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanenitrile followed by its conversion to beta-amino alcohol as the key intermediate is described.
Subject(s)
Levamisole/chemical synthesis , Lipase/chemistry , Acetates/chemistry , Alcohols/chemistry , Humans , Nitriles/chemistry , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Three deoxypreussomerins, palmarumycins CP1, JC1 and JC2, have been isolated from a collection of the stems of Jatropha curcas. The second and third compounds are antibacterial constituents which were characterized from spectral evidence. The X-ray crystallographic structure of palmarumycin JC1 was also studied. Deoxypreussomerins have been obtained here from a plant source in appreciable quantities.
Subject(s)
Dioxanes/isolation & purification , Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/isolation & purification , Jatropha/chemistry , Spiro Compounds/isolation & purification , Animals , Crystallography, X-Ray , Dioxanes/chemistry , Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/chemistry , Naphthalenes , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Spiro Compounds/chemistryABSTRACT
New pyrrolobenzodiazepine-anthraquinone hybrids have been designed and synthesized, found to effectively bind to DNA and also exhibit cytotoxicity against many cancer cell lines
