Reduction of external dose in a wet-contaminated housing area in the Bryansk Region, Russia.

An investigation of the feasibility of reducing the external dose rate in a recreational housing area located between the settlements of Guta and Muravinka, Bryansk Region, Russia, which had been contaminated by the Chernobyl accident more than a decade earlier was made. Removal of contaminated topsoil was carried out over an area of about 2000 m2, optimising the thickness of the removed layer according to an assessment of the vertical contaminant distribution. A layer of clean sand was applied to shield against radiation from residual contamination in the ground. Careful monitoring of dose rates in reference positions showed that this could reduce the dose rate outdoors by about a factor of 6. The replacement of a roof was found to reduce the dose rate considerably inside the house. A cost analysis of the operation is presented.

Decontamination in a Russian settlement.

Decontamination was carried out in an area with three houses in Novo Bobovichi, Bryansk region, Russia, in the autumn of 1995. It was demonstrated that significant reductions in the dose rate both indoor (DRF = 0.34) and outdoor (DRF = 0.20) can be achieved when a controlled cleaning is undertaken. This paper describes the decontamination work carried out and the results obtained. The roofs of the houses were swept and cleaned by special roof cleaning equipment. The soil around the houses was removed by hand while carefully monitoring the ground for residual contamination. By monitoring the decline in the dose rate during the different stages of the work the dose reducing effect of each action has been measured.

[Effect of decis combined with radiation on skin tropism]. / Vliianie detsisa na trofiku kozhi pri ego sochetannom deistvii s radiatsiei.

Combined influence of detsius, sodium nitrate, total x-irradiation, and radon inhalations on rat skin was investigated. Preliminary irradiation of rats in a dose 100 R and 4-hour radon inhalation in concentration 8.1 x 10(7) Bq/m3 did not amplify detsius and sodium nitrate effects in LD50 doses. Detsius intake in 10- and 50-fold doses 5 times a week induced focal alopecia in a week. A conclusion is made on the necessity of prohibiting detsius use in practical agriculture.

[Changes in the size and properties of lipoprotein particles in the extracellular medium during incubation of low density lipoproteins with human fibroblasts]. / Izmenenie razmera i svoistv lipoproteidnykh chastits vo vnekletochnoi srede pri inkubatsii lipoproteidov nizkoi plotnosti s fibroblastami cheloveka.

Electron microscopy, disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel, and microzonal electrophoresis on acetate cellulose were used to examine the changes in the properties of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in extracellular medium during incubation with human fibroblasts. It was established that as a result of LDL interaction with fibroblasts there appeared lipoprotein particles less in size, with higher aggregation ability and electrophoretic mobility. The data obtained indicate that LDL undergo physicochemical changes due to non-specific interaction with fibroblasts.

[Morphofunctional study of human pericardial macrophages]. / Morfo-funktsional'noe issledovanie perikardial'nykh makrofagov cheloveka.

Human pericardial macrophages have been studied with the light and electron microscope. The cells showed high activities of acid phosphatase and of non-specific and acid esterases. The macrophages are able to pinocytosis the extracellular space marker--horseradish peroxidase. The network of intracytoplasmic cavities, continuous with the extracellular space, has been documented by applying two different methods of visualization of the cellular surface. A possible role of these cavities in pinocytosis is discussed.

[Electron microscopic study of horseradish peroxidase pinocytosis by white rat peritoneal macrophages in vivo]. / Elektronno-mikroskopicheskoe issledovanie pinotsitoza peroksidazy khrena peritoneal'nymi makrofagami belykh krys in vivo.

Pinocytic activity of rat peritoneal macrophages has been studied morphometrically at the ultrastructural level, 1.5-50 minutes following the intraperitoneal administration of horseradish peroxidase at varying concentrations. Internalization of the tracer was carried out by relatively large vacuoles and coated microvesicles. A probable mechanism underlying the two structurally distinct kinds of pinocytosis by macrophages is discussed.

[Functional morphology of thymocytes during physiological fluctuations in hormone balance]. / Funktsional'naia morfologiia timotsitov pri fiziologicheskikh kolebaniiakh gormonal'nogo balansa.

Some metabolic parameters of thymocytes of noninbred female rats were evaluated by quantitative histochemistry during the estrous cycle. There were cyclic variations in the activity of NAD . H and NADP H-diaphorases as well as in the content of DNA and RNA in thymocytes of all parts of the thymus. The greatest range of variations in the content of nucleic acids was recorded in thymocytes of medulla. The activity of acid phosphatase in thymocytes remained unchanged over the period of the estrous cycle.

[Possibilities and various results of the use of contact microscopy in pathological practice]. / Vozmozhnosti i nekotorye rezul'taty primeneniia kontaktnoi mikroskopii v patologoanatomicheskoi praktike.

A method for tissue staining for contact microscopy is described. Preliminary results of using a contact microscope in histological examinations of operation, biopsy and autopsy materials are presented. The proposed method permits a rapid microscopic diagnostic examination of diverse pathological material in any dissecting room of wide profile.