ABSTRACT
Switched filter banks find widespread application in frequency-hopping radar systems and communication networks with multiple operating frequencies, especially in situations demanding elevated filter element isolation. In this paper, the design and implementation of a highly isolated switchable narrow-bandpass filter bank architecture using hairpin microstrip topology is presented. The filter bank has four discrete bandpass filters with passbands of 2.0-2.2 GHz, 2.3-2.5 GHz, 3.1-3.3 GHz, and 3.9-4.1 GHz. These filters span the radar S-frequency band (2.0-4.0 GHz). In order to switch between channels with a switching speed of nanoseconds, low-loss and highly isolated SP4T switches are implemented. Advanced design system (ADS) software is used to design the various filter functionalities, and the entire system is tested on a vector network analyzer (VNA). The proposed architecture makes it much easier to put the filter bank into practice and switch it to the desired frequency, which is useful for radar receiver applications.
ABSTRACT
Two-dimensional materials (2DMs) have been vastly studied for various electrochemical sensors. Among these, the sensors that are directly related to human life and health are extremely important. Owing to their exclusive properties, 2DMs are vastly studied for electrochemical sensing. Here we have provided a selective overview of 2DMs-based electrochemical sensors that directly affect human life and health. We have explored graphene and its derivatives, transition metal dichalcogenide and MXenes-based electrochemical sensors for applications such as glucose detection in human blood, detection of nitrates and nitrites, and sensing of pesticides. We believe that the areas discussed here are extremely important and we have summarized the prominent reports on these significant areas together. We believe that our work will be able to provide guidelines for the evolution of electrochemical sensors in the future.