Associations between mixed exposure to phthalates and latent tuberculosis infection among the general U.S. population from NHANES 2011-2012.

Background: People are constantly exposed to phthalates, but few reliable studies have focused on the connection between phthalate exposure and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Methods: Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2011-2012). The LTBI was assessed by QuantiFERON®-TB Gold-In-Tube (QFT) or tuberculin skin testing (TST). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) per log10 unit change in the concentration of phthalate metabolites were calculated using crude and adjusted logistic regression models. The relationships between mixed phthalate concentrations and LTBI were assessed using Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models. Results: According to the results of the multivariable logistic regression, in a fully adjusted model, only monobenzyl phthalate (MBZP) was negatively associated with LTBI in Q3 (OR (95% CI): 0.485 (0.286,0.823), P = 0.007). According to the restricted cubic spline (RCS) model, there was a linear dose‒response association between all 11 phthalate metabolites and LTBI (p for nonlinearity >0.05). We found a significant positive correlation between mixed phthalate metabolites and LTBI by using fully adjusted BKMR model. Conclusions: Our analysis demonstrated that LTBI in the general U.S. population is linearly linked with exposure to single or combined phthalates.

Causal role of immune cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Mendelian randomization study.

OBJECTIVES: Innate and adaptive immunity play different roles in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, previous studies on the relationship between immune cells and COPD reported inconsistent results. METHODS: The causal connection between 731 immune cells and COPD was established using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis through publicly accessible genetic data. The heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropism of the findings were confirmed using sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: In the B-cell panel, B-cell activating factor receptor (BAFF-R) on CD20- and CD20 on IgD-CD38bright (OR (95% CI): 0.93 (0.88, 0.99) and 0.97 (0.95, 0.98), respectively) were discovered to be protective. In the cDC panel, CD62L- plasmacytoid DC AC, CD80 on monocytes and CD11c on myeloid DCs (OR (95% CI): 0.94 (0.92, 0.97), 0.97 (0.94, 0.99) and (0.97 (0.95, 0.98), respectively) exerted protective effects. However, unswitched memory AC (OR (95%CI): 1.08 (1.01,1.15)) and CD 19 on IgD- CD 27- (OR (95%CI): 1.06 (1.02,1.10)) were hazardous in the B-cell panel. However, among the 731 immune cell phenotypes, no causal relationship was found for COPD on immune cells. CONCLUSION: This study found a potential causal relationship between immune cells in COPD, ruling out reverse causation. This study provides new avenues for studying the mechanisms of COPD.

Association between depression and COPD: results from the NHANES 2013-2018 and a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.

BACKGROUND: Observational studies showed a bidirectional association between depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it is unclear whether the observed association is causal. Thus we estimated the relationship using observational studies combined with bidirectional Mendelian randomization [MR]. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 9977 participants from the 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and used weighted logistic regression analysis to assess the association between depression and COPD, followed by a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis to verify their causality. RESULTS: Adjusted-weighted logistic regression in observational studies showed a significant association between COPD and mild depression (OR (95% CI): 1.81 (1.30, 2.52), P = 0.002) and COPD and depression (OR (95% CI): 1.93 (1.49, 2.50), P < 0.001). MR suggested depression may play a causal role in COPD risk (OR (95% CI): 1.45 (1.32, 1.60), P < 0.001), but more evidence for reverse causation is lacking (reverse MR OR (95% CI): 1.03 (0.99, 1.07), P = 0.151). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our study found depression may play a potential causal role in the morbidity of COPD suggesting depression might be the etiology of COPD. This finding needs to be validated in further prospective cohort studies with large sample sizes and adequate follow-up time.

High risks adverse events associated with usage of aspirin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND: Despite potential benefits and widespread prescription of aspirin among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, limited research has investigated its adverse effects (AEs) in COPD population. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of adverse drug events (ADEs) reported in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) between Q1 2013 and Q2 2022. COPD patients were categorized into two groups based on aspirin use. ADEs related to aspirin use were identified using combined reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), information component (IC) methods. RESULTS: A total of 56,660 ADEs reports associated with COPD patients were included in the study. Among these reports, 144 adverse events were linked to aspirin use in COPD patients, including fatigue (4.12%), diarrhea (3.13%), dyspnea exertional (2.03%), rhinorrhea (1.99%), weight increased (1.89%) and vomiting (1.84%), muscle spasms (1.79%), cardiac disorder (1.74%), heart rate increased (1.69%) and peripheral swelling (1.59%). Subgroup analysis indicates that age and gender might affect the AEs frequency in COPD patients using aspirin. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings identify 10 most frequently reported ADEs associated with aspirin use in COPD patients, thus offer valuable insights into the AEs of aspirin for safer clinical utilization in COPD management.

Andrographolide Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Bladder Cancer Cells by Interfering with NF- κ B and PI3K/AKT Signaling In Vitro and In Vivo / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the influences of andrographolide (Andro) on bladder cancer cell lines and a tumor xenograft mouse model bearing 5637 cells.@*METHODS@#For in vitro experiments, T24 cells were stimulated with Andro (0-40 µmol/L) and 5637 cells were stimulated with Andro (0 to 80 µmol/L). Cell growth, migration, and infiltration were assessed using cell counting kit-8, colony formation, wound healing, and transwell assays. Apoptosis rate was examined using flow cytometry. In in vivo study, the antitumor effect of Andro (10 mg/kg) was evaluated by 5637 tumor-bearing mice, and levels of nuclear factor κ B (NF- κ B) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT related-proteins were determined by immunoblotting.@*RESULTS@#Andro suppressed growth, migration, and infiltraion of bladder cancer cells (P⩽0.05 or P⩽0.01). Additionally, Andro induced intrinsic mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in bladder cancer cell lines. Furthermore, Andro inhibited bladder cancer growth in mice (P⩽0.01). The expression of p65, p-AKT were suppressed by Andro treatment in vitro and in vivo (P⩽0.05 or P⩽0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Andrographolide inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in bladder cancer cells by interfering with NF- κ B and PI3K/AKT signaling in vitro and in vivo.

Minimal invasive treatment of dorsocervical fat pad using tumescent liposuction and its anatomic study in autopsy / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:Dorsocervical fat pad is common in middle-aged women. Current treatments include surgical excision and liposuction. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of tumescent liposuction on dorsocervical fat pad. Anatomical study was also carried out to explore the anatomical structure and significance of dorsocervical fat pad.Methods:From Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2018, twenty-seven patients with dorsocervical fat pad were treated with tumescent liposuction in Peking University Third Hospital. Small incisions were made in bilateral scapular region and 4 mm suction cannula was applied. A female cadaver fixed with formaldehyde was dissected to investigate the structure of posterior cervical and dorsal region. The specimens were stained with HE and Masson staining.Results:14 patients were followed up for no less than 6 months, with an average follow-up time of 27 months. Patients＇ dorsocervical area were flat and smooth after the surgery. Patient satisfaction rate was 100% and no severe complication was reported except bruise and pain. The symptoms of dorsocervical pain in two patients were significantly improved after operation. Anatomical study showed that the dorsocervical fat pad was composed of superficial and deep layer of adipose tissue, with clear boundary between the two layers and no obvious capsule. The collagen fibers in deep layer were more and denser than those in superficial layer.Conclusions:Tumescent liposuction can effectively treat dorsocervical fat pad. The surgery outcome is ideal with little complication.Through the study of the anatomical structure of the dorsocervical fat pad, the operation method and principle of liposuction can be improved and the operation efficiency can be enhanced.

Adjustable flexure mount to compensate for deformation of an optic surface.

An adjustable mounting structure is proposed to compensate for surface deformation of a mirror caused by the assembly process. The mount adopts a six-point support based on the kinematic mount principle. Three of the support points are adjustable, and they are moved along the axial direction by actuators. Surface deformation is expressed by Zernike coefficients in this paper, and a sensitivity matrix of the surface deformation is established by varying the unit displacement of each adjustment support point and getting the corresponding Zernike coefficient changes. The surface deformation is measured, and the compensation adjustment of each adjustable support point is then obtained by anti-sensitivity calculation. Finally, the feasibility of present support structure design and surface figure compensating method are verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the present structure and method could significantly reduce the surface deformation caused by the assembly process. The surface deformation is 4.6 nm RMS after assembly and it is decreased to 1.3 nm RMS after four iterations of compensation, which is close to the 1.1 nm RMS after optical polishing.

"See fine world" —copy experience and thinking of membrane anatomy in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy (D2+CME) / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Primary lesion removal and lymph node dissection are the main constituents of radical gastrectomy. However, the high recurrence rate after D2 radical gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer has not improved. Recently, studies have found that discrete tumor deposits in the mesogastrium may be an important factor affecting the prognosis of gastric cancer after surgery. With the development of laparoscopic equipment, the ever-expanding "submicroscopic vision" makes it possible to completely remove the mesogastrium. Professor Gong Jianping advocated "membrane anatomy" to optimize the concept of radical gastrectomy: D2- based complete mesenteric resection (CME), namely D2+CME procedure. To prevent the leakage of tumor cells into the surgical field, as histological barrier, the intact mesogastrium should be located. The essential difference between D2+CME and previous D2/D2+systematic mesogastrium excision (SME), en-bloc mesogastric excision (EME) is as follow: double-factor guiding (lymph nodes and discrete tumor deposits) vs. single factor guiding (lymph nodes only). After practicing dozens of radical gastrectomy (D2+CME) authors believe that its conceptual connotation (double factor guiding) and operational extension (above mesentery bed) cover D2. In D2+CME surgery, depending on the anatomical identification under the magnified field of view, the conformal space between gastric mesentery and mesenteric beds is unique operational plane with repeatability. These findings and considerations address one problem: where is the precise boundary of en bloc principle in radical gastrectomy? In author′s opinion, with laparoscopy and "sub-microsurgery" progression and detection of discrete tumor deposit metastasis, survival benefit from definition of en bloc boundary in radical gastrectomy will be widely recognized. Meanwhile, D2+CME procedure is an appropriate way for study. Although the development of the "membrane anatomy" concept for gastric cancer still requires many further clinical and basic researches, it is reasonable to foresee that D2+CME surgery will guide a concept-optimized era for gastric cancer surgery.

Effects of andrographolide in proliferation, migration and apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma 786-0 cells / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To study the inhibitory effects of andrographolide (Andro) on the proliferation,migration and clone formation ability of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells and the induction on the apoptosis,and to clarify their related mechanisms.Methods:The RCC cells were treated with different concentrations (5,10,20,40 and 80 μmol · L-1) of Andro as experimental groups,and 0μmol · L 1 Andro group was used as blank control group,MTS assay was used to detect the proliferation rates of RCC cells in various groups.The RCC cells were treated with different concentrations (0.50,1.25 and 2.50 μmol · L-1) of Andro as experimental groups,and 0 μmol · L 1Andro group was used as blank control group.Clonogenic assays was used to detect the colony formation ability of RCC cells in various groups.The RCC cells were treated with different concentrations (10,20and 40 μmol · L-1) of Andro as experimental groups,and 0 μmol · L-1 Andro group was used as blank control group.Wound healing assay was used to detect the migration ability of RCC cells in various groups.Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rates of RCC cells in various groups.Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of apoptosis related proteins in RCC cells in various groups.Results:Compared with blank control group,the proliferation rates of RCC cells in 10,20,40 and 80 μmol · L-1 Andro groups were markedly decreased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compared with blank control group,the colony formation rates of RCC cells in 0.50 and 1.25μmol · L-1 Andro groups were markedly decreased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compared with blank control group,the scratch healing rates of RCC cells in 10,20 and 40 μmol · L-1 Andro groups were markedly decreased (P＜0.01),and the apoptotic rates of RCC cells in 20 and 40 μmol · L-1 Andro groups were markedly increased (P＜0.01).Compared with blank control group,the expression level of γ-H2AX protein in 40μmol · L-1 Andro group was markedly increased (P＜0.01),the expression level of Caspase-8 protein was decreased (P＜0.05),and the expression level of cleaved Caspase-8 protein was markedly increased (P＜0.01).Conclusion:Andro can effectively suppress the proliferation,migration and colony formation ability of RCC cells and induce the apoptosis of RCC cells.The mechanism of apoptosis might be related to inducing the DNA damage and the apoptotic pathways induced by JNK / H2AX and Caspase-8.

Effects of andrographolide in proliferation, migration and apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma 786-0 cells / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To study the inhibitory effects of andrographolide (Andro) on the proliferation, migration and clone formation ability of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells and the induction on the apoptosis, and to clarify their related mechanisms. Methods: The RCC cells were treated with different concentrations (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μmol · L-1) of Andro as experimental groups, and 0 μmol · L-1 Andro group was used as blank control group, MTS assay was used to detect the proliferation rates of RCC cells in various groups. The RCC cells were treated with different concentrations (0. 50, 1. 25 and 2. 50 μmol · L -1) of Andro as experimental groups, and 0 jumol · L-1 Andro group was used as blank control group. Clonogenic assays was used to detect the colony formation ability of RCC cells in various groups. The RCC cells were treated with different concentrations (10, 20 and 40 μmol · L-1) of Andro as experimental groups, and 0 μmol · L-1 Andro group was used as blank control group. Wound healing assay was used to detect the migration ability of RCC cells in various groups. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rates of RCC cells in various groups. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of apoptosis related proteins in RCC cells in various groups. Results: Compared with blank control group, the proliferation rates of RCC cells in 10, 20, 40 and 80 μmol · L-1 Andro groups were markedly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with blank control group, the colony formation rates of RCC cells in 0. 50 and 1. 25 jumol · L-1 Andro groups were markedly decreased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Compared with blank control group, the scratch healing rates of RCC cells in 10, 20 and 40 μmol · L-1 Andro groups were markedly decreased (P<0. 01), and the apoptotic rates of RCC cells in 20 and 40 μmol · L-1 Andro groups were markedly increased (P<0. 01). Compared with blank control group, the expression level of γ-H2AX protein in 40 jumol · L-1 Andro group was markedly increased (P<0. 01), the expression level of Caspase-8 protein was decreased (P<0. 05), and the expression level of cleaved Caspase-8 protein was markedly increased (P<0. 01). Conclusion: Andro can effectively suppress the proliferation, migration and colony formation ability of RCC cells and induce the apoptosis of RCC cells. The mechanism of apoptosis might be related to inducing the DNA damage and the apoptotic pathways induced by JNK/H2AX and Caspase-8.