[Measuring psychosocial stress at work in Spanish hospital's personnel. Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of Effort-Reward Imbalance model]. / Evaluación del estrés laboral en trabajadores de un hospital público español. Estudio de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del modelo Desequilibrio Esfuerzo-Recompensa.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Two main models are currently used to evaluate the psychosocial factors at work: the Demand-Control (or job strain) model developed by Karasek and the Effort-Reward Imbalance model, developed by Siegrist. A Spanish version of the first model has been validated, yet so far no validated Spanish version of the second model is available. The objective of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Effort-Reward Imbalance model in terms of internal consistency, factorial validity, and discriminate validity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study on a representative sample of 298 workers of the Spanish public hospital San Agustin in Asturias was performed. The Spanish version of Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (23 items) was obtained by a standard forward/backward translation procedure, and the information was gathered by a self-administered application. Exploratory factor analysis were performed to test the dimensional structure of the theoretical model. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to estimate the internal consistency reliability. Information on discriminate validity is given for sex, age and education. Differences were calculated with the t-test for two independent samples or ANOVA, respectively. RESULTS: Internal consistency was satisfactory for the two scales (reward and intrinsic effort) and Cronbach's Alpha coefficients higher than 0.80 were observed. The internal consistency for the scale of extrinsic effort was lower (alpha = 0.63). A three-factor solution was retained for the factor analysis of reward as expected, and these dimensions were interpreted as a) esteem, b) job promotion and salary and c) job instability. A one-factor solution was retained for the factor analysis of intrinsic effort. The factor analysis of the scale of extrinsic effort did not support the expected one-dimension structure. The analysis of discriminate validity displayed significant associations between measures of Effort-Reward Imbalance and the variables of sex, age and education level. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first one supporting satisfactory psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Effort-Reward Imbalance model. However, the factorial validity of the extrinsic effort could be questioned.

Evaluación del estrés laboral en trabajadoresde un hospital público español. Estudio de laspropiedades psicométricas de la versión españoladel modelo "Desequilibrio Esfuerzo-Recompensa" / Measuring psychosocial stress at work in Spanish hospital's personnel. Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of Effort-Reward Imbalance model

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: Actualmente se usan dos modelos para evaluar los factores psicosociales en el trabajo: el modelo Demand-Control (DC), de Karasek, y el modelo Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI), de Siegrist. El modelo DC ha sido adaptado al español, no así el modelo ERI. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del modelo ERI en términos de consistencia interna, de validez de construcción y discriminante. SUJETOS Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en una muestra representativa (n = 298) de los trabajadores del hospital comarcal de Avilés (Asturias). La versión española del cuestionario ERI (23 ítems) se obtuvo por el método de traducción-contratraducción y se aplicó autoadministrado. El análisis factorial exploratorio investigó la validez de construcción y el cálculo del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, la consistencia interna. La validez discriminante por sexo, edad y nivel educativo se estableció mediante la prueba de la t para grupos independientes y el ANOVA, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: El análisis factorial de la escala "Esfuerzo extrínseco" extrae dos factores, no confirmando la estructura unidimensional esperada. En las escalas "Recompensa" y "Sobreimplicación" se extraen tres factores (estima, estatus financiero y seguridad en el trabajo) y un factor, respectivamente, como era de esperar. La consistencia interna fue satisfactoria, con un coeficiente alfa de Cronbach mayor de 0,80, excepto en la escala "Esfuerzo extrínseco" ( = 0,63). En cuanto al sexo, la edad y el nivel educativo se han podido reproducir diferencias. CONCLUSIONES: La evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del modelo ERI es satisfactoria. La estructura factorial de la escala "Esfuerzo extrínseco" no pudo ser reproducida, lo que obliga a una aplicación más extensa del cuestionario (AU)