ABSTRACT
For cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization observations, calibration of detector polarization angles is essential. We have developed a fully remote controlled calibration system with a sparse wire grid that reflects linearly polarized light along the wire direction. The new feature is a remote-controlled system for regular calibration, which has not been possible in sparse wire grid calibrators in past experiments. The remote control can be achieved by two electric linear actuators that load or unload the sparse wire grid into a position centered on the optical axis of a telescope between the calibration time and CMB observation. Furthermore, the sparse wire grid can be rotated by using a motor. A rotary encoder and a gravity sensor are installed on the sparse wire grid to monitor the wire direction. They allow us to achieve detector polarization angle calibration with an expected systematic error of 0.08°. The calibration system will be installed in small-aperture telescopes at Simons Observatory.
ABSTRACT
Chronic exercise training elicits adaptations in the heart that improve pump function and confer cardioprotection. To identify molecular mechanisms by which exercise training stimulates this favorable phenotype, a proteomic approach was employed to detect rat cardiac proteins that were differentially expressed or modified after exercise training. Exercise-trained rats underwent six weeks of progressive treadmill training five days/week, 0% grade, using an interval training protocol. Sedentary control rats were age- and weight-matched to the exercise-trained rats. Hearts were harvested at various times (0-72 h) after the last bout of exercise and were used to generate 2-D electrophoretic proteome maps and immunoblots. Compared with hearts of sedentary rats, 26 protein spot intensities were significantly altered in hypertrophied hearts of exercise-trained rats (p <0.05), and 12 spots appeared exclusively on gels from hearts of exercise-trained rats. Immunoblotting confirmed that chronic exercise training, but not a single bout of exercise, elicited a 2.5-fold increase in the abundance of one of the candidate proteins in the heart, a 20 kDa heat shock protein (hsp20) that persisted for at least 72 h of detraining. Thus, exercise training alters the cardiac proteome of the rat heart; the changes include a marked increase in the expression of hsp20.
