Ventral cervical subcutaneous Aspergillus species fungal granuloma in a cat.

Case summary: An 8-year-old domestic longhair cat was evaluated for a right ventral subcutaneous cervical mass. Serial bloodwork and contrast-enhanced cranial and thoracic CT initially lacked ethmoturbinate lysis and showed a progressive, vascularized, right ventral cervical mass involving local lymph nodes. The mass was removed surgically on two occasions. Histopathology and fungal culture were diagnostic for a recurring sclerosing fungal granuloma and pyogranulomatous and eosinophilic lymphadenitis, consistent with Aspergillus species. The cat was treated with oral itraconazole; however, owing to the owner's non-compliance in administering the medication and disease progression, the cat was humanely euthanized 3 years after diagnosis. Relevance and novel information: The development of a cervical subcutaneous fungal granuloma of Aspergillus species in a domestic longhair cat before obvious maxillary, orbital or ethmoturbinate lysis on initial diagnostics is rare and suggests an early onset of lymphatic or hematogenous spread from a suspected nidus of infection within the sinonasal cavity.

Intersurgeon agreement in determining 3 cm surgical margins of subcutaneous tumors in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate intersurgeon agreement in performing a 3 cm wide surgical excision for subcutaneous malignancies in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, blinded, randomized, clinical study. ANIMALS: Client-owned dogs with subcutaneous tumors undergoing curative-intent, wide surgical excision between April 2019 to March 2020. METHODS: Four surgeons, instructed to perform a 3 cm wide excision, each sequentially indicated their proposed skin incision locations around subcutaneous tumors, without knowledge of the other surgeons' proposed incisions. A tripod-mounted camera and laser positioning system were used to photograph each surgeon's proposed margin length. A random-effects model was used to estimate the standard deviation of margin lengths that would be expected from a random sample of surgeons. RESULTS: Each of the four surgeons provided 33 independent radial measurements from 11 tumors (six soft tissue sarcomas and five mast cell tumors), for a total of 132 radial measurements. No individual surgeon consistently proposed longer or shorter margin incision locations. The prediction interval for a future margin measurement was 6 mm, implying that the 95% confidence interval of an individual surgeon's margin length would be within ±6 mm of the mean margin length from a random sample of surgeons. CONCLUSION: Ninety-five percent of surgeons would be expected to deliver a surgical dose between 2.4-3.6 cm, for a theoretically uniform surgical dose of 3 cm wide margins. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Surgical doses are likely to vary at clinically relevant levels among surgeons, complicating design and interpretation of studies attempting to identify an ideal surgical dose.

Iatrogenic cartilage injury associated with the use of stainless-steel cannulas and silicone-guarded cannulas for canine stifle arthroscopy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the ability to reduce iatrogenic cartilage injury (IACI) during canine stifle arthroscopy by using a silicone arthroscope cannula guard. STUDY DESIGN: Ex vivo canine cadaver experimental study. ANIMALS: Paired canine stifles from 14 cadavers (≥20 kg). METHODS: Stifles (N = 28) were assigned to unguarded traditional or silicone-guarded arthroscopy. Stifle arthroscopy and full joint exploration with meniscal probing was performed by a second-year surgery resident (I.C.) in fourteen canine cadavers, alternating between left and right stifles for guarded vs unguarded arthroscopy. After arthroscopy, stifles were disarticulated, and india ink assay was performed to identify IACI. Total IACI number, lesion length and area, duration of procedure, and procedure difficulty score were recorded for each stifle. RESULTS: Unguarded arthroscopy resulted in more total IACI per joint (unguarded 5.2 ± 3.0, guarded 2.4 ± 1.4; P = .02), larger IACI area (unguarded 5.2 ± 4.2 mm2 , guarded 2.3 ± 1.5 mm2 ; P = .02), and IACI length (unguarded 13.6 ± 6.9 mm, guarded 8.6 ± 5.9 mm; P = .03). No difference was identified in duration of procedure (unguarded 11.8 ± 5.2 minutes, guarded 13.8 ± 4.3 minutes; P = .79) or procedure difficulty score (unguarded 1.7 ± 0.6, guarded 1.6 ± 0.6 P = .73). CONCLUSION: Silicone-guarded arthroscope cannulas decreased IACI number and size during canine cadaveric stifle arthroscopy without increasing duration of procedure or surgical difficulty. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Silicone-guarded arthroscope cannulas may be safer than traditional cannulas for novice veterinary surgeons performing stifle arthroscopy.

Comparison of major complication and survival rates between surgical ligation and use of a canine ductal occluder device for treatment of dogs with left-to-right shunting patent ductus arteriosus.

OBJECTIVE To compare rates of major intraoperative complications and survival to hospital discharge between surgical ligation (SL) and canine ductal occluder (CDO) implantation for treatment of dogs with left-to-right shunting patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS 120 client-owned dogs with left-to-right shunting PDA (62 treated by SL and 58 treated by CDO implantation). PROCEDURES Data were retrieved from medical records of included dogs regarding signalment, medical history, vertebral heart scale, preoperative echocardiographic findings, complications encountered during surgery, and durations of anesthesia and surgery (SL or CDO implantation). Data were compared between dogs treated by SL and those treated by CDO implantation. RESULTS Dogs treated by CDO implantation were significantly older and heavier than dogs treated by SL and had more pathological cardiac remodeling (as indicated by mitral regurgitation scores, left atrial-to-aortic root diameter ratios, and fractional shortening values). Durations of anesthesia and surgery were also significantly longer for CDO implantation versus SL. The major complication rate for dogs treated by SL (6/62 [10%]) was significantly greater than that for dogs treated by CDO implantation (0/58 [0%]). One dog in the SL group died during surgery. Overall rate of survival to hospital discharge was 99% (119/120). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Both SL and CDO implantation were viable methods for PDA attenuation in the evaluated dogs. Although a greater proportion of dogs had major complications during the SL procedure, the 2 procedures had comparable rates of survival to hospital discharge.