ABSTRACT
The present study aimed to evaluate feed intake and behavior during the efficiency test of Nellore males. Efficiency test was conducted from June to October of 2012, during 119 days. Registers of 85 Nellore males, with initial averages age of 270 ± 23 days and body weight of 239 ± 41 kg were used. Animals were fed ad libitum at GrowSafe System® with 10 feeders, which individual recorded bunk attendance (BA), frequency of visits (FV) and feed intake (FI). The first 28 days of test were for adaptation to diet and environment, and the subsequent 91 days were considered as experimental period. Experimental period was divided in three sub periods (28, 28 and 31 days, respectively). Data were analyzed by PROC MIXED (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC), including in the model period effects (adaptation - 1 and experimental periods - 2, 3 or 4) and animal age as linear covariate. During the adaptation period, low values (P 0.05) were observed of FI, BA and FV (991 ± 40.7 kg/day, 854 ± 33.2 min/day and 1172 ± 49.4 visits/day, respectively) in relation experimental period (1091 ± 18.5 kg/day, 965 ± 15.1 min/day and 1217 ± 22.5 visits/day, respectively). Feeding behavior traits were analyzed in four test periods (Figure 1), and a reduction (P 0.05) in FI (from 1162 ± 39.2 to 984 ± 77.6 kg/day) and BA (from 992 ± 32.1 to 866 ± 63.6 min/day) was observed in the third period. Additionally, FV m
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate feed intake and behavior during feed efficiency test of Nellore males from different residual feed intake (RFI) classes. Data from 85 Nellore males, with initial average age of 270 ± 23 days and body weight of 239 ± 41 kg were used. The feed efficiency test was performed during 119 days, divided in four periods. The first period (adaptation) had 28 days, and the three subsequent periods had, respectively, 28, 28 and 31 days. Animals were fed ad libitum at GrowSafe System® with 10 feeders, which recorded bunk attendance (BA), frequency of visits (FV) and feed intake (FI) individual data. After test end, RFI was calculated by the difference between observed and predicted feed intake, based on average daily gain and metabolic body weight. Then, animals were classified into low ( mean - 0.5 standard deviation-SD), medium (± 0.5 SD from mean) and high (>mean + 0.5 SD) RFI. Statistical analyzes were performed by PROC MIXED (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC), including in the model effects of test period (1, 2, 3 or 4), RFI classes (low, medium or high) and interaction, being animal age considered as linear covariate. Feeding behavior pattern was not different among the efficiency test periods (P>0.05), however differences were detected among RFI classes inside the periods (P 0.01) (Figure 1). Low RFI animals, when compared to the medium and high RFI
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate feed intake and behavior during feed efficiency test of Nellore males from different residual feed intake (RFI) classes. Data from 85 Nellore males, with initial average age of 270 ± 23 days and body weight of 239 ± 41 kg were used. The feed efficiency test was performed during 119 days, divided in four periods. The first period (adaptation) had 28 days, and the three subsequent periods had, respectively, 28, 28 and 31 days. Animals were fed ad libitum at GrowSafe System® with 10 feeders, which recorded bunk attendance (BA), frequency of visits (FV) and feed intake (FI) individual data. After test end, RFI was calculated by the difference between observed and predicted feed intake, based on average daily gain and metabolic body weight. Then, animals were classified into low ( mean - 0.5 standard deviation-SD), medium (± 0.5 SD from mean) and high (>mean + 0.5 SD) RFI. Statistical analyzes were performed by PROC MIXED (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC), including in the model effects of test period (1, 2, 3 or 4), RFI classes (low, medium or high) and interaction, being animal age considered as linear covariate. Feeding behavior pattern was not different among the efficiency test periods (P>0.05), however differences were detected among RFI classes inside the periods (P 0.01) (Figure 1). Low RFI animals, when compared to the medium and high RFI
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
ABSTRACT
The present study aimed to evaluate feed intake and behavior during the efficiency test of Nellore males. Efficiency test was conducted from June to October of 2012, during 119 days. Registers of 85 Nellore males, with initial averages age of 270 ± 23 days and body weight of 239 ± 41 kg were used. Animals were fed ad libitum at GrowSafe System® with 10 feeders, which individual recorded bunk attendance (BA), frequency of visits (FV) and feed intake (FI). The first 28 days of test were for adaptation to diet and environment, and the subsequent 91 days were considered as experimental period. Experimental period was divided in three sub periods (28, 28 and 31 days, respectively). Data were analyzed by PROC MIXED (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC), including in the model period effects (adaptation - 1 and experimental periods - 2, 3 or 4) and animal age as linear covariate. During the adaptation period, low values (P 0.05) were observed of FI, BA and FV (991 ± 40.7 kg/day, 854 ± 33.2 min/day and 1172 ± 49.4 visits/day, respectively) in relation experimental period (1091 ± 18.5 kg/day, 965 ± 15.1 min/day and 1217 ± 22.5 visits/day, respectively). Feeding behavior traits were analyzed in four test periods (Figure 1), and a reduction (P 0.05) in FI (from 1162 ± 39.2 to 984 ± 77.6 kg/day) and BA (from 992 ± 32.1 to 866 ± 63.6 min/day) was observed in the third period. Additionally, FV m
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to verify the reproductive efficiency expressed by traits, interval from first to second calving (IDP), number of services per conception to the first calving (NSC1), number of services per conception for the second calving (NSC2), service period from the first to the second calving (PS) and gestation lenght (PG) of Holstein heifers. Data from 377 heifers from two herds, one in Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo and another in Rolândia, Paraná were analysed. The statistical model to analyze IDP, NSC1, NSC2, PS and PG included the fixed effect of Contemporary Group (CG). To analyze PG, it was also considered the effect of calf sex. To evaluate the growth performance and age at first calving (AFC), data from 360 Holstein heifers belonging to property in Rolândia were analysed. The model included the fixed effects of contemporary groups (CG) and average daily gain from birth to 15 months (ADG). A similar model was used to analyze weigth at 458 dias (W458) and ADG, therefore considering only CG. The overall means of IDP, NSC1, NSC2, PS and PG, were 14.96 ± 3.94 months; 1.35 ± 0.71 services, 2.86 ± 2.37 services, 178.83 ± 118.73 days; 276.67± 5.65 days, respectively. Correlations were observed between the traits IDP and NSC2 of 72% (P 0.0001), between IDP and PS of 98% (P 0.0001) and between NCS2 and PS of 72% (P 0.0001). The gestation length
Objetivou-se neste trabalho analisar os componentes de eficiência reprodutiva, expressos pelas características, intervalo do primeiro para o segundo parto (IEP), número de serviços por concepção para o primeiro parto (NSC1), número de serviços por concepção para o segundo parto (NSC2), período de serviço (PS) e período de gestação (PG), além da idade ao primeiro parto (IPP) e desenvolvimento ponderal até os 15 meses de idade. Foram utilizados dados de 377 novilhas, de dois rebanhos, sendo um em Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo e outro em Rolândia, Paraná. O modelo estatístico para IEP, NSC1, NSC2, PS e PG incluiu o efeito fixo de Grupo de Contemporâneas (GC). Para analisar PG, além de GC, foi também considerado o efeito de sexo da cria. Para avaliar o peso corrigido para 458 dias (P458), ganho médio diário do nascimento aos 15 meses (GMD) e IPP de 360 novilhas do rebanho pertencente à propriedade em Rolândia, foi utilizado um modelo fixo com efeito (GC). Para avaliar IPP foi utilizado GMD como covariável, além do efeito fixo de GC. As médias estimadas para IEP, NSC1, NSC2, PS e PG, foram respectivamente 14,96 ± 3,94 meses; 1,35 ± 0,71 serviços, 2,86 ± 2,37 serviços; 178,83 ± 118,73 dias; 276,67± 5,65 dias. Foram verificadas correlações entre as variáveis IEP e NSC2 de 72% (P 0,0001), entre IEP e PS de 98% (P 0,0001) e entre NSC2 e PS de 72% (P 0,0001). A duração da g
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to verify the reproductive efficiency expressed by traits, interval from first to second calving (IDP), number of services per conception to the first calving (NSC1), number of services per conception for the second calving (NSC2), service period from the first to the second calving (PS) and gestation lenght (PG) of Holstein heifers. Data from 377 heifers from two herds, one in Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo and another in Rolândia, Paraná were analysed. The statistical model to analyze IDP, NSC1, NSC2, PS and PG included the fixed effect of Contemporary Group (CG). To analyze PG, it was also considered the effect of calf sex. To evaluate the growth performance and age at first calving (AFC), data from 360 Holstein heifers belonging to property in Rolândia were analysed. The model included the fixed effects of contemporary groups (CG) and average daily gain from birth to 15 months (ADG). A similar model was used to analyze weigth at 458 dias (W458) and ADG, therefore considering only CG. The overall means of IDP, NSC1, NSC2, PS and PG, were 14.96 ± 3.94 months; 1.35 ± 0.71 services, 2.86 ± 2.37 services, 178.83 ± 118.73 days; 276.67± 5.65 days, respectively. Correlations were observed between the traits IDP and NSC2 of 72% (P 0.0001), between IDP and PS of 98% (P 0.0001) and between NCS2 and PS of 72% (P 0.0001). The gestation length
Objetivou-se neste trabalho analisar os componentes de eficiência reprodutiva, expressos pelas características, intervalo do primeiro para o segundo parto (IEP), número de serviços por concepção para o primeiro parto (NSC1), número de serviços por concepção para o segundo parto (NSC2), período de serviço (PS) e período de gestação (PG), além da idade ao primeiro parto (IPP) e desenvolvimento ponderal até os 15 meses de idade. Foram utilizados dados de 377 novilhas, de dois rebanhos, sendo um em Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo e outro em Rolândia, Paraná. O modelo estatístico para IEP, NSC1, NSC2, PS e PG incluiu o efeito fixo de Grupo de Contemporâneas (GC). Para analisar PG, além de GC, foi também considerado o efeito de sexo da cria. Para avaliar o peso corrigido para 458 dias (P458), ganho médio diário do nascimento aos 15 meses (GMD) e IPP de 360 novilhas do rebanho pertencente à propriedade em Rolândia, foi utilizado um modelo fixo com efeito (GC). Para avaliar IPP foi utilizado GMD como covariável, além do efeito fixo de GC. As médias estimadas para IEP, NSC1, NSC2, PS e PG, foram respectivamente 14,96 ± 3,94 meses; 1,35 ± 0,71 serviços, 2,86 ± 2,37 serviços; 178,83 ± 118,73 dias; 276,67± 5,65 dias. Foram verificadas correlações entre as variáveis IEP e NSC2 de 72% (P 0,0001), entre IEP e PS de 98% (P 0,0001) e entre NSC2 e PS de 72% (P 0,0001). A duração da g