ABSTRACT
The impact of gamma irradiation on growth and physiology of Euryale ferox was described in the present investigation. E. ferox is an underutilized aquatic food crop that grows in shallow-water bodies in lower Assam regions and north Bihar of India. The seeds of E. ferox were irradiated with different doses of gamma irradiation ranging from 0 to 500 Gy. It was observed that the germination and survival percentage was inhibited by increasing the irradiation dose. However, plants developed from seed exposed to an irradiation dose beyond 100 Gy did not survive more than 1 month. Further growth parameters (leaf size and number, number of thorns, root number and length, and number of flower and seeds) were also compared with respect to non-irradiated plants. Physiological parameters, viz. chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intracellular CO2 content was higher in the irradiation population of E. ferox. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were observed low in irradiated population of E. ferox. The proline and glycine betaine content was enhanced with increasing the irradiation dose. The present investigation explores the potential use of gamma rays in genetic improvement of E. ferox and improves understanding of the physiological responses inflicted by gamma irradiation.
Subject(s)
Gamma Rays , Nymphaeaceae/physiology , Nymphaeaceae/radiation effects , Carbon Dioxide/metabolism , Chlorophyll A/metabolism , Germination/radiation effects , Minerals/metabolism , Nymphaeaceae/growth & development , Nymphaeaceae/metabolism , Photosynthesis/radiation effects , Pigments, Biological/metabolism , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Seeds/growth & development , Seeds/radiation effects , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
AIM: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the efficacy of irrigation with the negative pressure and the traditional positive pressure in eradicating Enterococcus faecalis from the root canal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 extracted mandibular premolars were sterilized and divided into four groups with 10 samples each. Then, they were prepared to apical size #35 (Group 1, 3) and 45 (Group 2, 4) and inoculated with E. faecalis for 7 days and then irrigated with 3% sodium hypochlorite and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The positive pressure irrigation was performed in Group 1 and Group 2 while the negative pressure irrigation (NPI) using the Endovac in Group 3 and Group 4. Samples taken after the root canal irrigation procedures were cultured and the colony-forming units were counted. Data were statistically analyzed using the Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Results were statistically significant when comparing apical negative-pressure irrigation size 45 (Group 4) to positive-pressure irrigation size 35 (Group 1). CONCLUSION: The results of this in vitro study showed that the apical NPI method (Endovac) was more effective in removing E. faecalis from the root canal at the larger apical preparation size.
