ß1 integrin is a crucial regulator of pancreatic ß-cell expansion.

Development of the endocrine compartment of the pancreas, as represented by the islets of Langerhans, occurs through a series of highly regulated events encompassing branching of the pancreatic epithelium, delamination and differentiation of islet progenitors from ductal domains, followed by expansion and three-dimensional organization into islet clusters. Cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) mediated by receptors of the integrin family are postulated to regulate key functions in these processes. Yet, specific events regulated by these receptors in the developing pancreas remain unknown. Here, we show that ablation of the ß1 integrin gene in developing pancreatic ß-cells reduces their ability to expand during embryonic life, during the first week of postnatal life, and thereafter. Mice lacking ß1 integrin in insulin-producing cells exhibit a dramatic reduction of the number of ß-cells to only ∼18% of wild-type levels. Despite the significant reduction in ß-cell mass, these mutant mice are not diabetic. A thorough phenotypic analysis of ß-cells lacking ß1 integrin revealed a normal expression repertoire of ß-cell markers, normal architectural organization within islet clusters, and a normal ultrastructure. Global gene expression analysis revealed that ablation of this ECM receptor in ß-cells inhibits the expression of genes regulating cell cycle progression. Collectively, our results demonstrate that ß1 integrin receptors function as crucial positive regulators of ß-cell expansion.

An E3 ubiquitin ligase prevents ectopic localization of the centromeric histone H3 variant via the centromere targeting domain.

Proper centromere function is critical to maintain genomic stability and to prevent aneuploidy, a hallmark of tumors and birth defects. A conserved feature of all eukaryotic centromeres is an essential histone H3 variant called CENP-A that requires a centromere targeting domain (CATD) for its localization. Although proteolysis prevents CENP-A from mislocalizing to euchromatin, regulatory factors have not been identified. Here, we identify an E3 ubiquitin ligase called Psh1 that leads to the degradation of Cse4, the budding yeast CENP-A homolog. Cse4 overexpression is toxic to psh1Δ cells and results in euchromatic localization. Strikingly, the Cse4 CATD is a key regulator of its stability and helps Psh1 discriminate Cse4 from histone H3. Taken together, we propose that the CATD has a previously unknown role in maintaining the exclusive localization of Cse4 by preventing its mislocalization to euchromatin via Psh1-mediated degradation.