ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of various pipelines on drinking water quality. For the study carried out in Warsaw buildings were chosen in which the installations were made of polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, copper and steel. Water samples were taken from the sites of water leading to the buildings and from the highest floors, if possible. Physicochemical studies included determination of turbidity, colour, odour, pH, hardness, chlorides, ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, oxidation, manganese, iron, lead, cadmium, copper and zinc content. Bacteriological tests included determination of total microorganism count at 20 degrees C and 37 degrees C, total number of sporing bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The hydro-biological testing of water samples included quantitative and qualitative analysis of macroscopic and microscopic plant and animal organisms. All studies were carried out according to Polish Standards and the methods of the State Institute of Hygiene. The results of the physicochemical, bacteriological and hydro-biological tests failed to show any effect of the material of pipelines on the quality of drinking water in the range of the determined parameters.
Subject(s)
Sanitary Engineering/standards , Water Pollutants/analysis , Water Supply/analysis , Water Supply/standards , Materials Testing , Metals/analysis , Poland , Quality Control , Water MicrobiologyABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was establishing in what degree the presence of surface-active substances affects the influence of herbicides present in surface waters on aquatic organisms. The study was carried out under laboratory conditions using as herbicides promethrin (triazine group) and dichlorophenoxy-acetate sodium (2,4 D), and detergents - sodium alkylsuphonate ABS and non-ionic detergent Rokafenol N8P7. The effect of these substances was studied on the test organisms from own cultures - Daphnia magna Straus, larvae of insects Chironomus plumosus L, and young fish Lebistes reticulatus. The study showed that promethrin was the herbicide with stronger action on the studied organisms than 2,4 D. The presence of single detergents and their mixtures increased promethrin effects by 10-13% on the testes invertebrates even in concentrations permitted in surface waters. The toxic effect of the herbicide 2,4 D was potentiated by detergents in much higher concentrations, exceeding the permitted values. Contamination of surface waters with detergents may endanger the trophic chain of aquatic biocenoses.
Subject(s)
Detergents/chemistry , Herbicides/toxicity , Pesticide Synergists , Water Pollution , 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/chemistry , 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/toxicity , 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/chemistry , 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/toxicity , Agent Orange , Animals , Chironomidae/drug effects , Daphnia/drug effects , Defoliants, Chemical/chemistry , Defoliants, Chemical/toxicity , Herbicides/chemistry , Insecticides/chemistry , Insecticides/toxicity , Larva/drug effects , Lethal Dose 50 , No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level , Permethrin , Poecilia , Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/chemistry , Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/toxicity , Pyrethrins/chemistry , Pyrethrins/toxicityABSTRACT
The present text is the first part of a paper aimed at specification of the requirements ensuring effective disinfection of drinking water. The discussed health hazards result not only from the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in water, but also from the occurrence of micro- and macroscopic plant and animal organisms. It was shown that while the traditional method for water treatment and disinfection reduces the number of these organisms, it fails to eliminate them completely, particularly in the case of tap water intake from shore intakes of surface waters.
