Patient Perception of Swallowing after Thyroidectomy in the Absence of Laryngeal Nerve Injury.

INTRODUCTION: Swallowing and voice alterations may manifest in patients with thyroid disease, especially after thyroidectomy. OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of patients with complaints of swallowing disorders after thyroidectomy and to evaluate patients' perceptions regarding swallowing before and after the procedure. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study was performed with 26 consecutive patients undergoing a private service thyroidectomy, in which the presence of swallowing dysfunction was evaluated using validated questionnaires that addressed the perception of swallowing by patients before (on the day of surgery) and after the surgery (on the first postoperative day). RESULTS: Of the 26 patients, 18 (69.2%) were subjected to total thyroidectomy and 8 to partial thyroidectomy. Analysis of the domains of the Swallowing Handicap Index questionnaire showed higher scores when evaluated on the first postoperative day, demonstrating a significant worsening in swallowing after the procedure. The same result was demonstrated for the final score of swallowing perception, with 15.3 and 30.8% of patients reporting moderate alterations before and after the thyroidectomy, respectively, and 11.5% reporting the alterations as severe. Swallowing and vocal symptoms on the first postoperative day were more prevalent in the procedure than previously mentioned. Eight patients (30.8%) noted swallowing alterations before the procedure, compared with 80.8% (21 cases) after thyroidectomy. CONCLUSION: There was a prevalence of 42.3% in swallowing complaints on the first postoperative day, regardless of the lesion in the laryngeal innervation, and this prevalence was significantly higher than that prior to the procedure.

Metástase extensa para o seio maxilar como primeira manifestação de carcinoma tireoidiano / Extensive metastasis to the maxillary sinus as the first manifestation of thyroid carcinoma

Introdução: A incidência do câncer de tireoide vem crescendo de maneira considerável, sendo o sexo feminino mais acometido. O carcinoma da tireoide pode ser classificado em bem diferenciado, pouco diferenciado, medular e anaplásico. Metástases em seio maxilar raramente são encontradas, com um número reduzido de casos na literatura. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 78 anos, sem queixas iniciais, trazida ao ambulatório de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço do Hospital Estadual Mario Covas por familiares, que notaram, há dois meses, protrusão de olho esquerdo associada à diminuição da acuidade visual do mesmo. Ao exame físico se notou uma tireoide cinco vezes aumentada, endurecida, heterogênea e aparentemente multinodular; assimetria de hemiface esquerda com parestesia; e proptose de órbita esquerda. O tratamento da paciente consistiu em tireoidectomia total e radioterapia adjuvante. Paciente foi a óbito no 29º pós-operatório por pneumonia nosocomial e edema agudo de pulmão. Conclusões: Paciente possuía carcinoma pouco diferenciado de tireoide, uma variante incomum de câncer tireoidiano, com metástase rara para seio maxilar. Trata-se de uma manifestação agressiva do carcinoma tireoidiano, resultando em prognóstico ruim e taxa de mortalidade alta.

Multivitamins do not improve radiation therapy-related fatigue: results of a double-blind randomized crossover trial.

BACKGROUND: Fatigue is a common symptom in cancer patients receiving radiation therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a double-blind randomized crossover trial of multivitamins versus placebo in patients with breast cancer undergoing radiation therapy to evaluate fatigue and quality of life. RESULTS: : We randomized 40 patients to either placebo or Centrum Silver. At the middle of the radiation treatments, patients were switched from placebo to multivitamins and vice versa. Patients answered the EORTC QLQ C-30 quality of life (QOL) and Chalder fatigue questionnaires at the beginning, middle, and end of radiation therapy. Both groups experienced decreases in general (P = 0.009; P = 0.001) and physical fatigue scores (P = 0.031; P = 0.029) at the end of the course of placebo compared with the assessment prior to this treatment. We also observed significant improvements in functional (P = 0.026) and symptoms (P = 0.016) score scales of the QOL questionnaire in the patients on placebo. No significant changes were elicited with the use of multivitamins. We also observed significantly lower rates of fatigue in the patients who had just finished a course of placebo as compared with patients finishing a course of multivitamins (0 vs. 25% P = 0.035). CONCLUSION: Multivitamins do not improve radiation-related fatigue in patients with breast cancer.

[Acceptance of chemotherapy by Brazilian women with breast cancer]. / Aceitação de quimioterapia por brasileiras com câncer de mama.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer has the second highest incidence and is the first cause of death by cancer among Brazilian women. Under the physician's perspective chemotherapy should be indicated according to the risk benefit ratio in each case. However, from the Brazilian breast cancer patient's perspective this risk benefit ratio requires further classification. OBJECTIVE: In patients with breast cancer who have already received chemotherapy evaluate the minimum benefit considered necessary for a renewed administration and learn which factors may influence this decision. METHODS: we surveyed 53 patients comprising general, clinical and cancer related variables, as well as issues related to the minimal expected benefit which would induce the patient to agree to undergo chemotherapy. RESULTS: 75% would accept to receive chemotherapy again even if it would not change their probability of relapse, 50% would accept chemotherapy again, even though it would not increase survival rates. Similarly, 81.54% would submit once more to chemotherapy even though it would not increase their probability of cure. Acceptance of a new chemotherapy treatment yielding minimal benefits correlated significantly with more age, with a lower educational level and with no previous administration of Adriamycin. CONCLUSION: Even with a minimal benefit, the majority of formerly treated breast cancer patients are willing to submit to another chemotherapy treatment.

Aceitação de quimioterapia por brasileiras com câncer de mama / Acceptance of chemotherapy by Brazilian women with breast cancer

INTRODUÇAO: O câncer de mama é o segundo tipo de câncer mais incidente e a primeira causa de morte por câncer entre as mulheres brasileiras. Na perspectiva do médico, a indicação da quimioterapia adjuvante como parte de seu tratamento deve se pautar pelos seus riscos e benefícios. Do ponto de vista da paciente, entretanto, em nosso meio, há poucos dados acerca de suas opiniões quanto à magnitude dos benefícios e riscos associados a este tratamento. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o benefício mínimo necessário para que pacientes com câncer de mama que já tenham realizado quimioterapia aceitem-na novamente, caso hipoteticamente isso se fizesse necessário e conhecer fatores que, eventualmente, poderiam influenciar nessa decisão. MÉTODOS: Foram aplicados questionários a 52 pacientes sobre dados gerais e clínicos de cada paciente, além de perguntas a respeito do benefício mínimo necessário para a aceitação de uma eventual nova quimioterapia. RESULTADOS: 75 por cento fariam uma nova quimioterapia mesmo se ela não alterasse a chance de recidiva da doença em cinco anos; metade das pacientes a fariam mesmo que esta não aumentasse a sua sobrevida e 61,54 por cento se submeteriam novamente a um tratamento quimioterápico mesmo que este não aumentasse a sua chance de cura. A aceitação de uma nova quimioterapia que produzisse mínimos benefícios foi significativamente maior dentre pacientes mais idosas, com menor escolaridade e entre aquelas que não receberam quimioterapia prévia com adriamicina. CONCLUSAO: Mesmo por um benefício muito pequeno, a grande maioria das pacientes estudadas aceitaria ser submetida a uma nova quimioterapia, se indicada por seus médicos.