A multimodal Metal-Organic framework based on unsaturated metal site for enhancing antitumor cytotoxicity through Chemo-Photodynamic therapy.

Chemodynamic therapy when combined with chemotherapy opens up a new avenue for treatment of cancer. However, its development is still restricted by low targeting, high dose and toxic side effects. Herein, rational designing and construction of a new multifunctional platform with the core-shell structure 5-ALA@UiO-66-NH-FAM@CP1 (ALA = 5-aminolevulinic acid, CP1 = zirconium-pemetrexed (Zr-MTA)) has been performed. In this platform, CP1 acting as a shell is encapsulated with the UiO-66-NH2 to engender a core-shell structure that promotes and achieves a high MTA loading rate through high affinity between MTA and unsaturated Zr site of UiO-66-NH2. The 5-ALA and 5-carboxyl fluorescein (5-FAM) was successfully loaded and covalently combined with UiO-66-NH2 due to its high porosity and presence of amino groups. The characterization results indicated that the loading rate of MTA (41.03 wt%) of platform is higher than the reported values. More importantly, the in vitro and in vivo results also demonstrated that it has a good folate targeting ability and realizes high efficient antitumor activity by chemotherapy combied with photodynamic therapy (PDT). This newly developed multifunctional platform could provide a new idea for designing and constructing the carrier with chemotherapy and PDT therapy.

Novel formulations of metal-organic frameworks for controlled drug delivery.

INTRODUCTION: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are one of the typical coordination polymers which constructed by metal ions/clusters and multitopic organic ligands. Compared with traditional porous materials, MOFs have the advantages of significant porosity, large specific surface area, adjustable chemical composition, and structure tailorability, these unique features make them a promising candidate for controlled drug delivery. AREAS COVERED: This review aims to summarize recent advances in the development of MOFs for drug delivery, in particular, focusing on its ability to deliver various drugs and their release mechanism, as well as the in vivo and in vitro biological evaluation. Moreover, the future research directions of MOFs for clinical treatment are also outlined. EXPERT OPINION: Although large numbers of MOFs have been developed as nanocarriers for drug delivery, further improvements are still needed to advance the application of MOFs in the clinic. For example, the circulation mechanism and degradation process of MOFs in vivo, the efficiency and pharmacokinetics of drugs in vivo, and the biological evaluation of MOFs in the controlled release of drugs. The present review work main focus on the recent progress of MOFs as effective nanocarriers for drug delivery and to examine some challenges and directions for its further clinical applications.

Recent Advances in Fe-MOF Compositions for Biomedical Applications.

BACKGROUND: To date, number of new and attractive materials have been applied in drug delivery systems (DDDs) to improve the efficiency of the treatment of cancers. Some problems like low stability, toxicity and weak ability of targeting have hampered most of materials for further applications in biomedicine. MIL(MIL = Materials of Institute Lavoisier), as a specific subclass of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) owns more advantages than other subclass MOFs, such as better biodegradability and lower cytotoxicity. However, until now, systematic -s and analyses of Fe-based MIL on medical applications are rarely though the majority of documents discussed one research branch of the porous materials MOFs. DISCUSSION: In this review, we have focussed mainly on the latest studies of applications, including bioimaging, biosensing, and antibacterial and drug delivery on Fe-based MIL. The existing shortcomings and future perspectives of the rapidly growing biomedical applications of Fe-based MIL materials addressing dosage and loading strategies issues are also discussed briefly, and further studies with the use of different therapies will be of great interest. CONCLUSION: This article reviews the Fe-based MOFs design and biomedical application, including biosensing, bioimaging, antibacterial agent, and drug delivery in recent years.