UPLC-MS/MS quantitative analysis and structural fragmentation study of five Parmotrema lichens from the Eastern Ghats.

Comparative phytochemical analysis of five lichen species [Parmotrema tinctorum (Delise ex Nyl.) Hale, P. andinum (Mull. Arg.) Hale, P. praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale, P. grayanum (Hue) Hale, P. austrosinense (Zahlbr.) Hale] of Parmotrema genus were performed using two complementary UPLC-MS systems. The first system consists of high resolution UPLC-QToF-MS/MS spectrometer and the second system consisted of UPLC-MS/MS in Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode for quantitative analysis of major constituents in the selected lichen species. The individual compounds (47 compounds) were identified using Q-ToF-MS/MS, via comparison of the exact molecular masses from their MS/MS spectra, the comparison of literature data and retention times to those of standard compounds which were isolated from crude extract of abundant lichen, P. tinctorum. The analysis also allowed us to identify unknown peaks/compounds, which were further characterized by their mass fragmentation studies. The quantitative MRM analysis was useful to have a better discrimination of species according to their chemical profile. Moreover, the determination of antioxidant activities (ABTS+ inhibition) and Advance Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) inhibition carried out for the crude extracts revealed a potential antiglycaemic activity to be confirmed for P. austrosinense.

Synthetic and biological studies on thioxoquinazolinone substituted isoxazoles.

Eighteen novel 5-phenyl-3-(substitutedthioxoquinazolinonyl) isoxazoles (5a-r) were synthesized by cycloaddition of various chalcones with hydroxylaminehydrochloride (NH2OH.HCl). All the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by their spectral and analytical data. They were evaluated for antimicrobial, antihelminthic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities with an objective to evaluate the effect of thioxoquinazolinone substituted isoxazoles. Compounds 5a, 5f, 5g, 5k and 51 showed significant antimicrobial, anthelmintic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Further, isoxazoles having bromo substituted thioxoquinazolinones exhibited excellent activities than iodo substituted thioxoquinazolinones.

Antihyperlipidemic potential of Cedrus deodara extracts in monosodium glutamate induced obesity in neonatal rats.

OBJECTIVE: To study the antihyperlipidemic effect of Cedrus deodara (C. deodara) against monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced obesity in neonatal rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The studies were carried out on newborn neonatal rats and were injected intraperitoneally with 2 mg/g of MSG on the 2(nd) and 4(th) postnatal days and 4 mg/g on 6(th), 8(th) and 10(th) postnatal days. Ethanolic extract (EE) and acetone extract (AE) of C. deodara was administered in a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o./day at the age of 65 days. On day 60 of treatment, body weight, locomotor activity, body temperature, and various biochemical parameters like serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and organs weights were recorded. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in body weight, organs and increased body temperature, locomotor activity after treatment with extracts. C. deodara decreased serum glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels and increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly has compared to MSG-control rats. CONCLUSION: C. deodara extracts exhibited antihyperlipidemic effect and it possesses anti-obesity properties in MSG induced obese rats.

In vitro Evaluation of Anthelmintic Activity of Nauclea orientalis Leaves.

Antianthelmintic activity of successive extracts (chloroform, acetone, ethanol and aqueous) of Nauclea orientalis leaves were evaluated separately on adult Indian earthworm (Pheretima posthuma) and compared with that of albendazole. It was found that the extracts exhibited, respectively dose-dependent action and inhibition of spontaneous motility (paralysis) and death of earthworms. The results indicated that the chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts were more potent.

Neuropharmacological studies on Wedelia calendulacea Less stem extract.

The neuropharmacological activities of the methanolic and aqueous extract of Wedelia calendulacea stem were screened in rats and mice. The extracts effect on pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, pentylenetetrazole- and styrychnine-induced seizure, spontaneous motor activity, exploratory behaviour, and rota-rod performance (motor coordination) were evaluated. The methanolic extract (20 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) and aqueous extract (200 and 500 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a significant (p<0.001) prolongation of pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, and reduced the SMA and exploratory behaviour. The extract prolonged onset of the phases of seizure activity but did not protect mice against lethality induced by pentylenetetrazole and strychnine. It also failed to affect the motor coordination test. These results suggest that the extract contained an agent with neuropharmacological activity that may be sedative in nature. In addition, from the crude methanolic extract of Wedelia calendulacea stem a HPLC fingerprint profile and liquid chromatography/sequential mass spectrometry (LC/MS) were performed.