Bovine serum albumin/chitosan-nanoparticle bio-complex; spectroscopic study and in vivo toxicological - Hypersensitivity evaluation.

This study, investigates the interaction of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with synthesized chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) using steady-state fluorescence and UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy as well as picosecond time-resolved fluorescence technique. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of BSA by CSNPs indicates the presence of both static and dynamic mechanism. The loading efficiency of BSA-CSNPs exhibited a decrease by about 6% in neutral pH under physiological temperature. Transmission electron microcopy (TEM) images revealed the Synthesized CSNPs were irregular in shape with size of ~42 nm. The safety and biocompatibility of BSA-CSNPs inside the body was investigated after intraperitoneal (IP) injection of male mice for nine days, analysis of in vivo results, revealed no toxicity with a hypocholesterolemic effect and a predicted mild activation of WBCs due to CSNPs adjuvant and immunogenic peptides in BSA. Accordingly, no signs of hypersensitivity were observed due to the administration of such formulations. The results can be used for a better understanding the interaction of CSNPs within biological protein environment.

Chitosan based-nanoparticles and nanocapsules: Overview, physicochemical features, applications of a nanofibrous scaffold, and bioprinting.

Recent advancements in the synthesis, properties, and applications of chitosan as the second after cellulose available biopolymer in nature were discussed in this review. A general overview of processing and production procedures from A to Z was highlighted. Chitosan exists in three polymorphic forms which differ in degree of crystallinity (α, ß, and γ). Thus, the degree of deacetylation, crystallinity, surface area, and molecular mass significantly affect most applications. Otherwise, the synthesis of chitosan nanofibers is suffering from many drawbacks that were recently treated by co-electrospun with other polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and polycaprolactone (PCL). Ultimately, this review focuses on the area of new trend utilization of chitosan nanoparticles as nanospheres and nanocapsules, in cartilage and bone regenerative medicine. Owing to its biocompatibility, bioavailability, biodegradability, and costless synthesis, chitosan is a promising biopolymeric structure for water remediation, drug delivery, antimicrobials, and tissue engineering.