ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance (IR), and hypertriglyceridemia are common features observed in non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). There is a critical medical necessity to find novel therapeutics that can halt the development of NAFLD. METHODS: Bombax ceiba Linn. leaf extract was prepared and its phytochemical profile was determined. Standard and high carbohydrate high-fat diets (HCHF) were prepared. Rats were fed HCHF for 18 weeks to induce a non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) model. Forty male rats were divided into control, B. ceiba Linn. leaf extract, NAFL, prophylactic, and treated groups. Serum fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), intelectin-1 (ITLN1), p38 MAP kinase (MAPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated. RESULTS: Data obtained showed that HCHF-induced NAFL resulting in a significant increase in FBS, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, LDL, TG, ALT, AST, and IL-6 and a significant decrease in serum levels of HDL, ITLN1, p38 MAP kinase, and PPAR-α compared to the control group. The analysis of B. ceiba Linn. leaf extract showed high content of phenol compounds which may cause a significant decrease in the levels of FBS, insulin, HOMA-IR values, lipid profile, and levels of IL-6 while a significant increase in serum levels of LDL, ITLN1, p38 MAP kinase, and PPAR-α compared to the NAFL group. CONCLUSIONS: B. ceiba Linn. Leaf extract is a highly protective and promising therapeutic agent against inflammation and oxidative stress in the NAFLD model induced by HCHF.
Subject(s)
Bombax , Insulin Resistance , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Rats , Male , Animals , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/drug therapy , Liver , Interleukin-6 , Triglycerides , Insulin/therapeutic use , Alanine Transaminase , PPAR alpha/therapeutic use , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Models, Theoretical , p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Adiponectin possesses anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. Little is known about the role of adiponectin in hepatitis-C-related liver disease. The aim of our study was to find a relationship between serum adiponectin levels and different grades of steatohepatitis in HCV-infected patients and to correlate it with the severity of liver disease. Sixty HCV-infected patients were divided into two groups according to the presence/absence of steatosis proofed by abdominal ultrasonography and liver biopsy was selected. We evaluated the biochemical parameters for all patients including: ALT, AST, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, serum albumin, prothrombin time, CBC, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and serum adiponectin; HOMA-IR was calculated as [fasting insulin (mIU/l) × fasting glucose (mmol/l)]/22.5. We found that adiponectin was significantly lower in HCV-infected patients with steatosis than in those without steatosis. BMI, fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in HCV-infected patients with steatosis than in those without steatosis. Furthermore, it was found that steatosis correlates directly with fibrosis index, BMI, HOMA-IR, fasting blood glucose and ALT. Serum adiponectin levels inversely correlates with the grade of steatosis, histological activity index and the stage of fibrosis.
